12.3 Stems

Question 1

Stems purpose

Answer 1

• Support the plant
• Conduct water and nutrients from the roots and food (glucose) from the leaves

Question 2

Two types of stems

Answer 2

1. Herbaceous
2. Woody

Question 3

Herbaceous stems

Answer 3

• plant stems that dont contain any wood
• can carry out photosynthesis
• very thin epidermis layer
• can be monocot or dicot

Question 4

Woody stems

Answer 4

• plant stems that contain wood
• hard and have bark
• most angiosperms with woody stems are dicots
• gymnosperms only have woody stems

Question 5

Anatomy of herbaceous stems

Answer 5

• Made up of vascular bundles
  
  • arrangement of vascular tissue that consists of
    xylem and phloem
• Contains 2 components: xylem and phloem

Question 6

Xylem

Answer 6

vascular tissue sending water and nutrients upward from the root

Question 7

Phloem

Answer 7

vascular tissue that sends sugar and other products up and down the plant

Question 8

Difference between monocot and dicot herbaceous stems

Answer 8

Herbaceous monocot stems have vascular bundles randomly distributed throughout the cross-section. In contrast, herbaceous dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a circle in the cross-section.

Question 9

Woody stem

Answer 9

• Bark: outermost layer consisting of cork, cork cambium, and phloem
• From the center out its phloem, cork cambium, cork
• The cork cambium is a layer of meristematic tissue, makes cork for the outer layer

Question 10

Growth ring

Answer 10

• In the spring, cambium grows quickly, producing multiple xylem cells, that form light coloured wood (spring wood)
• In the summer, cambium produces fewer xylem cells, producing dark coloured wood (summer wood)
• together they produce a growth ring for that year