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Computer Science 1.2 - Software and Software Development > 1.2.3: Software Development > Flashcards

1.2.3: Software Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Waterfall Lifecycle based on?

A
  • A series of stages completed in sequence, start to finish
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2
Q

What does the analysis stage of the Waterfall Lifecycle include?

A
  • A study in which designers evaluate the practicality of the project using ‘TELOS’
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3
Q

What does the ‘T’ in ‘TELOS’ stand for and mean?

A
  • Technical: Is the project possible considering the technology available and accessible?
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4
Q

What does the ‘E’ in ‘TELOS’ stand for and mean?

A
  • Economic: Can the project be financed in the short-term and long-term?
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5
Q

What does the ‘L’ in ‘TELOS’ stand for and mean?

A
  • Legal: Can the project be solved within the law?
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6
Q

What does the ‘O’ in ‘TELOS’ stand for and mean?

A
  • Operational: Can the project be successfully implemented and maintained?
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7
Q

What does the ‘S’ in ‘TELOS’ stand for and mean?

A
  • Scheduling: Can the project be completed given the time available?
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8
Q

What happens if a change needs to be made within a project being developed by the Waterfall Model?

A
  • Programmers must revisit all levels between the current stage and the stage at which a change needs to be made
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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Waterfall Lifecycle?

A
  • The model is inflexible and unsuitable to projects with changing requirements
  • Users have little input as they are only involved at the very beginning and end of the Waterfall Lifecycle, during the analysis and evaluation stage
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10
Q

What are the Agile Methodologies?

A
  • A collection of methodologies aiming to improve the flexibility of software development and adapt to changes in user requirements faster
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11
Q

What is an advantage of using Agile Methodologies?

A
  • It is easier to make improvements or changes to the software
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12
Q

What is the process of developing a program using Agile Methodologies?

A
  • The problem is broken down into sections developed in parallel, the design and analysis phases often occurring together
  • Different sections of software can be at different stages of development
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13
Q

How does using an Agile Methodology work?

A
  • A working prototype is delivered early on and prototypes are built upon and improved in an iterative manner so that new prototypes are delivered regularly throughout the dev cycle
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14
Q

What is an advantage and a disadvantage of using Agile Methodologies?

A
  • Less focus on documentation and more priority is given to user satisfaction
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15
Q

What is Extreme Programming?

A
  • An agile model in which the dev team consists of a pair of programmers alongside a representative end-user
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16
Q

What is Extreme Programming built upon?

A
  • The model is built on ‘user stories’
  • System requirements are specified by the end-user when designing the program
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17
Q

What is the aim of the ‘paired programming’ during Extreme Programming?

A
  • To produce high-quality code, as the code is written by one person and critiqued by the other so it is improved as it is written
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18
Q

What is an advantage of Extreme Programming?

A
  • Programmers work no longer than 40 hours a week, with the aim that quality is not compromised
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19
Q

How does Extreme Programming work?

A
  • Each iteration through the cycle generates what is called a ‘working version’ of the program that could function as the final product
20
Q

What is a disadvantage of Extreme Programming?

A
  • The iterative nature of the development means that it is hard to produce high quality documentation, which is less of a priority
21
Q

What is required in order for Extreme Programming to be effective?

A
  • The ability for the pair of programmers to communicate effectively
22
Q

What are the four key stages of the Spiral Model?

A
  • Analysing system requirements
  • Pinpointing and mitigating risks
  • Development, testing and implementation
  • Evaluating to inform the next iteration
23
Q

What does the Spiral Model focus on?

A
  • Effectively managing risk-heavy projects
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Spiral Model?

A
  • If the project is found to be too risky at any point, the project is terminated
  • Hiring risk assessors to analyse the risks can be expensive, making the Spiral Methodology suited to only large-scale projects
25
Q

What is Rapid Application Development?

A
  • An iterative methodology that uses particularly functioning prototypes which are continually built upon
26
Q

When are the user requirements for Rapid Application Development gathered?

A
  • Upon using focus groups
  • Used to develop an ‘incomplete’ version of the solution, given to the user to trial
  • User feedback is used to generate the next, improved prototype
  • The feedback loop is continued until the prototype matches the requirements of the end-users, at which point the product becomes the final product
27
Q

When is Rapid Application Development used?

A
  • Commonly used where user requirements are incomplete or unclear at the start and change over the course
28
Q

What types of projects is the Waterfall Lifecycle used for?

A
  • Static, low-risk projects which need little user input, such as a piece of general purpose software
29
Q

What are the benefits of using the Waterfall Lifecycle for a project?

A
  • Straightforward to manage
  • Clearly documented
30
Q

What are the drawbacks of using the Waterfall Lifecycle for a project?

A
  • Lack of flexibility

-No risk analysis

  • Limited user involvement
31
Q

What types of projects are Agile Methodologies used for?

A
  • Small to medium projects with unclear initial requirements
32
Q

What are the benefits of using Agile Methodologies for a project?

A
  • Produces high quality code
  • Flexible to changing requirements
  • Regular user input
33
Q

What are the drawbacks of using Agile Methodologies for a project?

A
  • Poor documentation
  • Requires consistent interaction between user and programmer
34
Q

What types of projects is Extreme Programming used for?

A
  • Small to medium projects with unclear initial requirements requiring excellent usability
35
Q

What are the benefits of using Extreme Programming for a project?

A
  • Produces high quality code
  • Constant user involvement means high usability
36
Q

What are the drawbacks of using Extreme Programming for a project?

A
  • High cost of two people working on one project
  • Teamwork is essential
  • End-user may not be able to be present
37
Q

What types of projects is the Spiral Model used for?

A
  • Large, risk-intensive projects, with a high budget
38
Q

What are the benefits of using the Spiral Model for a project?

A
  • Thorough risk-analysis and mitigation
  • Caters to changing user needs
  • Produces prototypes throughout
39
Q

What are the drawbacks of using the Spiral Model for a project?

A
  • Expensive to hire risk assessors
  • Lack of focus on code efficiency
  • High costs due to constant prototyping
40
Q

What types of projects is Rapid Application Development used for?

A
  • Small to medium, low-budget projects with short time-frames
41
Q

What are the benefits of using Rapid Application Development for a project?

A
  • Caters to changing user requirements
  • Highly usable finished product
  • Focus on core features, reducing development time
42
Q

What are the drawbacks of using Rapid Application Development for a project?

A
  • Poorer quality documentation
  • Fast pace may reduce code quality
43
Q

What is Black Box Testing (Functional Testing)?

A
  • Carried out independently of the code used in the program
  • Involves looking at program spec and creating a set of test data that covers all the inputs, outputs, and program functions
  • Black Box Testing is where the code is not known
44
Q

What is White Box Testing (Structural Testing)?

A
  • Dependent on the code logic, derives from program structure rather than function
  • Program code is studied, tests devised that test each possible path at least once
  • White Box Testing is where the code is known
45
Q

What is a weakness of White Box Testing (Structural Testing)?

A
  • Will not detect missing functions as what is not present cannot be tested
46
Q

What is Alpha Testing?

A
  • Carried out by the in-house team
  • Often reveals errors and omissions in system requirements
  • User may discover system does not have required functionality as requirements not specified clearly enough/ developer overlooked/ misunderstood spec
47
Q

What is Beta Testing?

A
  • Giving package to a number of potential users who agree to use system to report any problems
  • Exposes product to real use and detects problems and errors not anticipated by developers
  • Product can be modified and sent out for further testing until the developer is confident to put the product on the market

Computer Science 1.2 - Software and Software Development (4 decks)

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