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epi 2 > 12.3 prevemtio and control of communicable diseases > Flashcards

12.3 prevemtio and control of communicable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

clean latex gloves

A

dental treatment

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2
Q

orthopeadic sterile gloves

A

surgical procedures

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3
Q

heavy gloves

A

chemical handling and cleaning of instruments

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4
Q

saliva ejector

A

(suction)

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5
Q

dental dam

A

usuallt latex, prevents inhalation of materials and saliva interference

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6
Q

sterilisation

A

technique that destroys pathogenic or saprophytic life even resistant forms (spores).
-all life forms

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7
Q

disinfectant

A

technique that aims to destroy

pathogens, producers of diseases.

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8
Q

sterilisation

A

technique that destroys pathogenic or saprophytic life even resistant forms (spores).
-all life forms

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9
Q

disinfectant

A

technique that aims to destroy

pathogens, producers of diseases.

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10
Q

ANTISEPSIS:

A

Removal of microorganisms in the

focus of infection (skin+mucous)

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11
Q

ASEPSIS:

A

Actions in microorganisms free areas.

Surgical asepsis.

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12
Q

Stage 1. of sterilisation

A

Preliminary cleaning of equipment

.

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13
Q

 Stage 2. of sterilisation

A

Packaging (for steam sterilization)

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14
Q

 Stage 3. of sterilisation

A

Sterilization Cycle

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15
Q

 Stage 4. of sterilisation

A

Storage and care of sterile equipment

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16
Q

PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR STERILIZATION.

3. Pasteur or Poupinel furnace

A

dry heat ovens.

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17
Q

PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR STERILIZATION.

4. Autoclave or Steam sterilizers

A
  • the mostcommon method of sterilization in dentistry.
    -Use saturated water vapor pressure in a closed
    vessel heated to produce a temperature rise.
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18
Q

PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR STERILIZATION.

3. Pasteur or Poupinel furnace

A

: they are dry heat

ovens.

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19
Q

PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR STERILIZATION.

4. Autoclave or Steam sterilizers

A

: it is the most
common method of sterilization in dentistry.
Use saturated water vapor pressure in a closed
vessel heated to produce a temperature rise.

20
Q

Sterilizing cycle: in autoclave

A

1 .- Heating time
2 .- Hold Time
3 .- Cooling time

21
Q

PHYSICAL PROCESSES FOR STERILIZATION.

5. Tyndallization

A

.
Using the autoclave without exceeding 100° C for half
an hour,
- 3 successive days.
It is used for materials that can not pass this
temperature.

22
Q

advantage of autoclave

A

efficiency, speed, simplicity and range of

products that can be sterilized.

23
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

1. Ethylene oxide.

A
  • Toxic gas, explosive and flammable
  • small compact units that can be used in
    dentistry.
  • humidity of 40-60%
  • 20-54° C
  • 3-8 hours
  • Pressure of 1-2 atmospheres.
    -material is taken out must be aerated
24
Q

disadvtanges of ethylene oxide

advantages-

A

Advantages: does not damage materials (metal, plastic,
rubber or cloth)
 Disadvantages: high cost of equipment and the toxicity

25
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

1. Ethylene oxide.

A
  • Toxic gas, explosive and flammable
  • small compact units that can be used in
    dentistry.
  • humidity of 40-60%
  • 20-54° C
  • 3-8 hours
  • Pressure of 1-2 atmospheres.
    -material is taken out must be aerated
26
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

2. Glutaraldehyde activated.

A
  • 2% solution
  • 10 hours of immersion for sterilization.
  • The material to be sterilized must be very clean before
    dipping.
27
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

3. Formaldehyde

A
  • Formaldehyde solution 8% in alcohol.
  • It is very irritating to skin and mucous
  • Unpleasant smell and high price
  • Little use.
28
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

3. Formaldehyde

A
  • Formaldehyde solution 8% in alcohol.
  • It is very irritating to skin and mucous
  • Unpleasant smell and high price
  • Little use.
29
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

4.-Hydrogen Peroxide:

A
  • (7.5-10%) with 0.8% phosphoric acid can sterilize in 1 hour.
    -There is currently a mixture of lactic acid which acts in
    15-30 min.
    Necessary to rinse the product after sterilization.
30
Q

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES.

5.-Plasma-gas with hydrogen peroxide:

A

Little used due to the high cost

31
Q

STERILIZATION MONITORING

A

to detect failures and assure sterility

32
Q

1.-Indicators of the process (or chemical)

A

Color-changing material (either liquid / paper) that changes

only verify that the objects have been subjected to the
processing conditions.

At least one indicator should be placed with each
sterilization load.

33
Q

2.-biological indicators or monitors:

A

ensure sterilization.
They are bacterial spores (Bacillus genus)
-dentistry weekly

34
Q

DISINFECTION

1 .- Physical

A
  • Boiling
  • Pasteurization
  • Ultraviolet radiation
  • Ultrasound
  • Air-filtration and laminar flow
35
Q
  1. Chemical disinfectants:
    - high level
    - intermediate disinfectants
    - low
A
  • ability to sterilize if left long enough to act
  • skin-kills most pathogens
  • destroys many but not all
36
Q

Factors that influence disinfection

A

1.-Type microorganism: spores are the most resistant,
2.-Number of microorganisms: pre-cleaning is
essential.
3.-Time to act
4.-Concentration of the product

5.-The presence of organic matter: fundamental pre- cleaning to remove it.

6.-Presence of other substances may inactivate the
disinfectant detergents.
7.-Characteristics of the surface. Roughness or pores
8.-Temperature. 10 to 20° C doubles the efficiency.
Do not keep disinfectant in the fridge.

37
Q

Major families of disinfectants

1 .- ALCOHOLS

A

Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol=skin antiseptics.

38
Q

Major families of disinfectants

2 .- REDUCER

A

Glutaraldehyde.

2% solution for 10 to 60 min depending on material.

39
Q

Major families of disinfectants

3 .- HALOGENATED OXIDIZING

A

Chlorine and chlorine derivatives.
-bleach= disinfection of
surfaces +washing linen

40
Q

disadvantages of HALOGENATED OXIDIZING

A

a. It is irritating to skin and mucous
b. Decolorizes and injure the texture of
fabrics.
c. It is corrosive to metals including stainless
steel.
d. efficiency is reduced by prolonged
storage, high temperatures/sunlight

41
Q

Iodophores

A

10% povidone-iodine diluted with water.
-useful in the preparation of the surgical field.
In the oral mucosa before anesthesia
-Hand antiseptic.

42
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Disinfection of wounds or fomites.

Damages rubber, plastics and metals.

43
Q

Peracetic acid

A

Little use

Low toxicity/strong irritating smell of vinega

44
Q

Major families of disinfectants

5. PHENOLS AND DERIVATIVES

A
  • oldest chemical disinfectant (Lister 1860).

- in combination with other disinfectants.

45
Q

Major families of disinfectants

6 .- CHLORHEXIDINE

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate dissolved in alcohol

  • Disinfecting hands
  • Wound healing and antiseptic mouth.
  • Act fast
46
Q

Major families of disinfectants

7 .- SURFACTANTS

A
  • Anionic: hand washing gels of health personnel and patients
  • Cationic -Its use is discouraged
47
Q

Major families of disinfectants

8.-DERIVED MINERALS

A

used in antiseptic creams with silver ions=

burn patients.

epi 2 (1 decks)

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