12.2: Policies of Alexander III (1881–1894) and Nicholas II (1894–1917): economic modernization, tsarist repression and the growth of opposition Flashcards by Saku Kahkonen

A - History (48 decks)

WWI: A Short History

China Historiography

China Dates

10.1: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system

10.2: Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda

10.3: Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda

10.4: Nature, extent and treatment of opposition

10.5: The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power

10.6: Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies

10.7: The impact of policies on women and minorities

10.8: Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved

11.1: Economic, ideological, political, territorial and other causes

11.2: Short- and long-term causes

11.3: Types of war: civil wars; wars between states; guerrilla wars

11.4: Technological developments; theatres of war—air, land and sea

11.5: The extent of the mobilization of human and economic resources

11.6: The influence and/or involvement of foreign powers

11.7: The successes and failures of peacemaking

11.8: Territorial changes

11.9: Political repercussions

11.10: Economic, social and demographic impact; changes in the role and status of women

12.1: Alexander II (1855–1881): the extent of reform

12.2: Policies of Alexander III (1881–1894) and Nicholas II (1894–1917): economic modernization, tsarist repression and the growth of opposition

12.3: Causes of the 1905 Revolution (including social and economic conditions and the significance of the Russo-Japanese War); consequences of the 1905 Revolution (including Stolypin and the Dumas)

12.4: The impact of the First World War and the final crisis of autocracy in February/March 1917

12.5: 1917 Revolutions: February/March Revolution; provisional government and dual power (Soviets); October/November Revolution; Bolshevik Revolution; Lenin and Trotsky

12.6: Lenin’s Russia/Soviet Union; consolidation of new Soviet state; Civil War; War Communism; New Economic Policy (NEP); terror and coercion; foreign relation

13.1: European diplomacy and the changing balance of power after 1871; imperial expansion in Africa and Asia, and its impact on European diplomacy; the Congress of Berlin and European Alliance system

13.2: Foreign policy of Kaiser Wilhelm II: domestic conditions that impacted on German foreign policy; its impact/influence on other countries, including Britain, France, Russia and Austria-Hungary

13.3: Causes of the First World War: short- and long-term causes; relative importance of causes; the Alliance system; the decline of the Ottoman Empire; German foreign policy; Austria-Hungary, Russia and Balkan nationalism; the arms race and diplomatic crises; the July Crisis of 1914

13.4: Impact of the First World War on civilian populations of two countries from the region between 1914 and 1918

13.5: Factors leading to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers, and to the victory of the Entente Powers: strategic errors; economic factors; entry and role of the US; domestic instability in the Central Powers

14.1: Weimar Germany: constitutional, political, economic/financial and social issues (1918–1933); initial challenges (1918–1923); “Golden Era” under Stresemann (1924–1929); the crisis years and the rise of Hitler (1929–1933)

14.2: Hitler’s Germany (1933–1939): consolidation of power; Hitler’s pre-war domestic policies, including economic, social and political policies; nature of the Nazi state; the extent of resistance to the Nazis

14.3 + P1 : Italy (1918–1939): rise of Mussolini; consolidation of power; Mussolini’s pre-war domestic policies, including economic, social and political policies; nature of the fascist state

14.5 + 10 (STA):Case study of domestic political, economic and social developments in RUSSIA / SOVIET UNION in the inter-war years.

15.3 + P1: Italian and German foreign policies (1919–1941): aims, issues and extent of success

15.4: Causes of the Second World War and the development of European conflict (1939–1941); the wartime alliance (1941–1945); reasons for Axis defeat in 1945 and for Allied victory; role of economic, strategic and other factors

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12.2: Policies of Alexander III (1881–1894) and Nicholas II (1894–1917): economic modernization, tsarist repression and the growth of opposition Flashcards

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