1.2.2 Demand Flashcards
What is Demand?
The ability and willingness to buy a particular good at a given price and at a given moment in time
What is movement along the demand curve caused by?
A movement along the demand curve is caused by a change in the price of the good.
What is a shift of the demand curve caused by?
A shift of the demand curve is caused by a change in any of the factors which affect demand, the conditions of demand.
Describe the movement from point A to B
A movement from A to B is a contraction in demand, the quantity demanded falls because of an increase in price.
Describe the movement from point A to C
A movement from A to C is an extension in demand, the quantity demanded rises due to a decrease in price.
Describe the shift from D1 to D2
- A shift from D1 to D2 is a decrease in demand, because fewer goods are demanded at each and every price.
- For example, at price P only Q2 goods are demanded rather than Q1 goods.
Describe the shift from D1 to D3
- A shift from D1 to D3 is an increase in demand, as more goods are demanded at each and every price.
- Now, Q3 goods are demanded at price P.
What is the relationship between Demand and Price?
Inverse Relationship
What is the mnemonic used for the conditions of demand?
PIRATES:
- Population
- Income
- Related goods
- Advertising
- Taste/fashion
- Expectations
- Seasons
- Government legislation
How does population cause the demand curve to shift?
- If population rises, we would expect demand for all products to increase and so the demand curve will shift to the right.
- This is because the more people there are in the country, the more people who will want a good.
How does Income cause the demand curve to shift?
- For most goods, if income increases, demand increases because a person can afford to buy more of the product.
- If there is a fall in income then the demand would decrease and shift to the left. However, for some goods an increase in income can lead to a fall in demand and vice versa, this is a concept called income elasticity of demand.
How does Related goods cause the demand curve to shift?
- If goods are complements or substitutes of each other then a change in the price of another good can cause a shift in the demand curve.
- An increase in the price of Nike trainers would lead to a contraction in demand for Nike trainers and an increase in demand of Adidas trainers, as we would expect people to buy them instead.
- If the price of DVD players drops, demand for DVD players would extend and we would expect the demand curve for DVDs to increase.
How does Advertising cause the demand curve to shift?
- If a firm carries out a successful advertising campaign, demand is likely to increase.
- If a competitor firm carries out a successful advertising campaign demand for the first firm will fall.
- A successful advertising campaign by Tesco will increase demand for Tesco but reduce demand for Asda.
How does Taste/fashion cause the demand curve to shift?
If something becomes more fashionable, we expect demand to increase and if it becomes less fashionable, then demand will fall.
How does Expectations cause the demand curve to shift?
- Expectations of what might happen in the future can have a big impact on the level of demand for some goods.
- If people expect a shortage of something, or that price will rise in the future, then demand for that product will increase.
- If people expect that price will fall in the future, demand will decrease.