Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 12 (Tommy) > 12.2 Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

12.2 Blood Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

Is a process to prevent & stop bleeding

Purpose:

  1. STOP haemorrhage
  2. PREVENT haemorrhage
  3. MAINTAIN flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some disorders to do with haemostasis?

A
  • THROMBOSIS
    • ​E**xcess/innapropriate ‘clotting’
    • e.g.
      • ARTERIAL
        • Coronary thrombosis
        • Thrombotic stroke
      • VENOUS
        • ​DVT
        • PE
  • HAEMORRHAGE
    • ​Excess/innapropriate ‘bleeding’
    • e.g.
      • Trauma
      • Haemophilia
      • von Willebrand disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the endothelium produce? (substances & what they do?)

A
  • VASOactive mediators
    1. ​​Endothelin = vasoCONstrictor
    2. Prostacyclin (PGI2) = vasoDILator
    3. Nitric oxide (NO) = vasoDILator
    4. Injury/damage/disease = vasoCONstriction
  • Haemostatic agents
    • ​Von Willebrand factor (vWF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain what von Willebrand disease is & treatment

A
  • Common bleeding disorder
  • Deficient/dysfunctional vWF

​TREATMENT

  • Desmopressin (ADH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the layers of a blood vessel?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens following blood vessel injury?

A
  1. VASOSPASM
    • Causes LESS blood loss
  2. INCREASE in pro-thrombic mediators
    • ​​vWF (in blood)
    • Collagen (‘captures’ & activates platelets)
    • Tissue factor (triggers coagulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List some anticoagulant drugs & their targets

A
  1. Dabigatran
    • ​​Thrombin IIa inhibitor
  2. Rivaroxaban
    • ​​Factor Xa inhibitor
  3. Heparin
    • ​​ATIII –> IIa + Xa inhibior
  4. Warfarin
  5. Citrate & EDTA
    • Ca2+ inhibitor (binds with Ca2+ preventing Ca2+ doing its function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a fibrolytic drug & its target

A
  1. Alteplase
    • ​​tPA –> plasminogen inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List some antiplatelet drugs

A
  1. Tirofiban
  2. Aspirin
  3. Clopidogrel
  4. Ticagrelor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the class, pharmacology, physiology, clinical of rivaroxiban?

A
  • CLASS: NOAC = novel oral anticoagulant
    • Direct Factor Xa inhibitor
  • PHARMACOLOGY:
    • Target: FXa (prothrombinase complex)
    • Activity: competitive inhibitor
  • PHYSIOLOGY:
    1. Anticoagulant
    2. ↓thrombin generation
  • CLINICAL:
    • Treatment/prophylaxis DVT* & *PE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the class, pharmacology, physiology, clinical of alteplase?

A
  • CLASS: Fibrinolytic
  • PHARMACOLOGY:
    • Target: Plasminogen
    • Activity: activator
  • PHYSIOLOGY:
    1. Promotes endogenous fibrinolytic system
    2. Thrombus dissolution
  • CLINICAL:
    • Acute myocardial infarction
    • Pulmonary embolism
    • Ischaemic stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the class, pharmacology, physiology, clinical of dabigatran?

A
  • CLASS: NOAC = novel oral anticoagulant
    • Direct thrombin inhibitor
    • Prodrug, non-peptide
  • PHARMACOLOGY:
    • Target: thrombin FIIa (enzyme)
    • Activity: competitive, reversible inhibitor
  • PHYSIOLOGY:
    1. Anticoagulant; ↓fibrin formation
    2. ↓thrombin-induced platelet aggregation
  • CLINICAL:
    • Treatment/prophylaxis DVT & PE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain heparin

A
  • Heparin is isolated from the LIVER (e.g. from animal sources)
  • UNfractioned heparin has a HIGHER MW (molecular weight) range than LMWH
  • Contains a pentasaccharide which mediates binding to ATIII
  • ATIII/heparin –> inhibits factor IIa & Xa

HEPARIN = INCREASE sulphates & STRONG -ve charge

HEPARAN = LESS sulphates

They both have repeating disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give examples of LMWH & why it is preferred to UNfractioned heparin?

A
  • LMWH gives BETTER, consistent response with FEWER side effects
  1. Dalte_parin_
  2. Tinza_parin_**​
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does fibrinogen become in blood coagulation & explain both substrate & product?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steps in fibrinogen (multiple)

A
17
Q

What does prothrombin become in blood coagulation & how? (explain substrate & product)

A
18
Q

What does Factor X become in blood coagulation & explain substrate & product?

A
19
Q

What does factor V become in blood coagulation (& explain substrate & product)?

A
20
Q

Explain factor IX

A
21
Q

Explain factor VII

A
22
Q

Explain factor III

A
23
Q

Explain antithrombin-III

A
24
Q

What does factor XIII become in blood coagulation (& explain substrate & product)?

A
25
Q

Explain what thrombin (factor IIa) activates & how

A
26
Q

Draw a diagram of how intrinsic & extrinsic factors form a fibrin polymer

A
27
Q

Draw a schematic of how a fibrin polymer becomes a fibrin clot

A
28
Q

Explain fondaparinux

A
29
Q

What are some in vitro antigoagulants & why are they used?

A
  • Blood clots EASILY this use them (e.g. citrate) to DECREASE coagulation
    e. g.
  • Chelators
    1. ↓ free [Ca2+]
    2. Disrupts V, VIII, XIII and Vit-K dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X)
  • Citrate
    • ​Moderate anti-coagulant
  • EDTA
    • ​VERY strong anti-coagulant
30
Q

What does plasminogen become in blood coagulation (& explain substrate & product)?

A

Unit 12 (Tommy) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions