12.2

Question 1

What are the two distinct parts of the ocean

Answer 1

Pelagic zone

Benthic zone

Question 2

Pelagic zone

Answer 2

Open water, or any water that is not close to the bottom or near shore

Question 3

Benthic zone

Answer 3

The bottom of the ocean, near the ocean floor

Question 4

What are the three subzones in the pelagic zone

Answer 4

Sunlight zone (epipelagic)
Twilight zone (mesopelagic)
Midnight zone (bathypelagic)

Question 5

Sunlight zone

Answer 5

The first 200m, were sunlight penetrates, allowing photosynthesis in phytoplankton and plants

Question 6

Twilight zone

Answer 6

Below the epipelagic zone to a depth of 1000m, where little sunlight reaches and temperatures drop rapidly

Question 7

Midnight zone

Answer 7

Below the mesopelagic zone to a depth of 4000m, where no sunlight reaches, preventing the growth of any plants

Question 8

What are the two subzones in the benthic zone

Answer 8

The abyssal zone (abyssopelagic)

The hadal zone (hadopelagic)

Question 9

Abyssal zone

Answer 9

Below 4000m, up to 6000m, where temperature is very cold and the pressure is very high

Question 10

Hadal zone

Answer 10

Deeper than 6000m, in the deepest ocean trenches, where little is known because the incredibly high pressure makes exploration virtually impossible

Question 11

What is the sunlight zone

Answer 11

The surface mixed layer

Question 12

What is the Twilight zone

Answer 12

Thermocline.

Question 13

What is the midnight zone, abyssal zone, and the hadal zone

Answer 13

Deep water layer

Question 14

Why do 90% of sea creatures live near the surface of ocean water

Answer 14

• The starting point for every food web is always producers who use photosynthesis to manufacture food
• these producers are then eaten by consumers, who in turn will get eaten by larger consumers
• the epipelagic zone receives the most sunlight, therefore it begs supports organisms who use photosynthesis
• most other organisms are found in the epipelagic zone because there food source is there

Question 15

Why is life so rare in deeper waters

Answer 15

• less light to drive photosynthesis means less food source
• temperature drops below freezing below 1000m
• pressure increases greatly with depth

Question 16

What do deeper water organisms eat?

Answer 16

Marine snow

Question 17

Marine snow

Answer 17

Dead organisms and other material that drops from shallower waters

Question 18

What does is osmosis rely on

Answer 18

Rely on the balance between pressure inside the cell and pressure outside the cell

Question 19

Bioluminescence

Answer 19

The ability of living organisms to produce light through chemical reactions

Question 20

What are some reasons why organisms are bioluminescent

Answer 20

Camouflage
Attraction (predation and mating)
Protection
Communication

Question 21

Food chain

Answer 21

A linear sequence if feeding links, starting with producers who use photosynthesis and don’t eat other organisms and ending with a consumer who isn’t eaten by any other organisms

Question 22

Food web

Answer 22

A representation of all the interconnected food chains in an environment, or who eats who