12.2 Flashcards
What are non-vascular plants?
Plants that lack vascular tissues and seeds, primarily including bryophytes.
What is the main group of non-vascular plants?
Bryophytes.
What is the primary reproductive structure of bryophytes?
Spores.
What is a spore?
A haploid cell that undergoes mitotic division to grow into a mature individual.
What are the three major groups of plants based on vascular tissue and seed presence?
- Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) * Seedless vascular plants * Seed plants (spermatophytes)
What are the three monophyletic lineages that emerged during the early diversification of bryophytes?
- Mosses (Bryophyta) * Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) * Hornworts (Anthocerophyta)
What structure allows bryophytes to absorb water and minerals efficiently?
Protonema.
What is the gametophyte in bryophytes?
The prominent, photosynthetic generation that produces gametes.
Where are male and female gametes produced in bryophytes?
In specialized structures called gametangia.
What is matrotrophy in the context of bryophytes?
Maternal nourishment of the developing zygote.
What is the role of the placenta in bryophytes?
Facilitates nutrient transport between the sporophyte and gametophyte generations.
What is the structure that breaks off to expose the peristome teeth in bryophytes?
Operculum.
What are the three structures that specialize in the bryophyte sporophyte?
- Calyptra * Capsule (sporangium) * Stalk (seta)
True or False: Bryophytes can reproduce asexually.
True.
What is a common method of asexual reproduction in Marchantiophyta?
Formation of gemmae.
What is the significance of bryophytes in environmental studies?
They are ideal model organisms for studying air pollution and climate change.
What adaptations do bryophytes have for aquatic habitats?
They can photosynthesize during rainy and overcast weather.
How many known moss species are there globally?
13,000.
What are the autapomorphies of mosses?
- Presence of hydroids and leptoids * Thick spore outer layer (perine) * Leaves with a central midrib costa
What is Sphagnum known for?
High water-holding capacity and decay-resistant properties.
What unique mechanism do granite mosses use for spore dispersal?
Dispersion through slits in their capsule.
Fill in the blank: Bryophytes lack _______.
vascular tissues.
What are the antiseptic properties of certain mosses?
They have been utilized as diaper material and wound dressing.
What is a significant use of moss in horticulture?
It is a popular media.
