1.2.1 physical activity and your healthy mind body Flashcards
What is meant by the term ‘somatotypes’?
Somatotype refers to the classification of body type.
What is an endomorph?
An individual with wide hips and narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness.
What is a mesomorph?
An individual with wide shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by muscularity.
What is an ectomorph?
An individual with narrow shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by thinness.
What is ‘optimum weight’?
Optimum weight refers to a person’s favourable weight with reference to their lifestyle or a specific sport.
What factors affect optimum weight?
Height - taller people are usually, but not always, heavier than shorter people.
Gender - men tend to have more muscle and larger bones.
Bone structure - two men of the same height may have completely different bone structures, for instance one may have broader shoulders or thinker wrists.
Muscle girth - as with bone structure, people have different muscle girths which will mean they weight different amounts.
Genetics - body weight and shape are largely passed on through genes from parents to child.
What weight related conditions can affect physical activity?
Anorexia Obese Overfat Overweight Underweight - weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.
What is meant by the term anorexia?
a prolonged eating disorder due to constant loss of appetite.
What is meant by the term obese?
a term used to describe people who are very overfat
What is meant by the term overeat?
having body fat in excess of normal
What is meant by the term overweight?
having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness).
What is meant by the term underweight?
weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.
What drugs are seen as performance enhancing?
Anabolic steroids - drugs that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth.
Beta blockers - drugs that are used to control the heart rate and have a calming and relaxing effect.
Diuretics - drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
Narcotic analgesics - drugs that can be used to reduce pain.
Stimulants - drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness.
Peptide hormones - drugs that cause other hormones to be produced.
With regards to risk assessment, what lengths could be taken to prevent injury?
Warming up & cooling down - allows muscles to be prepared before and after activity to aid being able to be physically active. Cooling down disperses lactic acid and prevents soreness and aches.
Check equipment & facilities - making sure playing area and playing equipment is in good, usable condition.
Protective equipment & clothing - different sports will have different clothing requirements to prevent injury to the player. It is important not to wear any equipment which might harm others also.
Footwear - most sports require specialist footwear. This is not only to aid performance but also to provide safety.
How can ‘balanced competition’ be created?
Weight categories - in sports such as boxing, the competitors are matched according to weight as well as ability.
Mixed or single sex - in most sports men play against men and women against women. However in racket sports such as tennis and badminton, for example, mixed games are played.
Age - children’s competitions are grouped by age with some talented athletes perform above their age category.
Handicap system - this is used in golf so players of an unequal ability can play in direct competition with one another.
