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Circulatory System > 12.1 Function Of Circulation > Flashcards

12.1 Function Of Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 main functions of the Circulatory System

A
  1. It transports gases (from the respiratory system), nutrient molecules, and waste materials (from digestive system)
  2. It regulates internal temperature and transports chemical substances vital to health from one part of the body to the other
  3. It protects against blood loss from injury and against disease causing microbes or toxic substances introduced into the body
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2
Q

Briefly describe the heart

A

A muscular organ that continuously pumps the blood through the body and generates blood flow

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3
Q

What is a blood vessel

A

A hollow tube that carries blood to and from body tissues

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4
Q

What is an open circulatory system? Example?

A

A circulatory system in which vessels open into the animals body cavity. Called open because blood flows freely within the body cavity and makes direct contact with the organs and tissues. No distinction between the blood and the interstitial fluid. Ex:grasshopper

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5
Q

What is hemolymph

A

In invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans, it is the mixture of blood and fluids that surrounds the cells.

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6
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid. Ex: vertebrates such as earthworms and squid

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7
Q

Describe the function of the right side of the heart

A
  • The 2 large vessels, the vena cavae, open into the right atrium.
  • the superior vena cava collects oxygen poor blood coming from the tissues in the head, chest, and arms.
  • the inferior vena cava collects oxygen poor blood coming from the tissues elsewhere in the body.
  • the oxygen poor blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle, and then out into the pulmonary trunk.
  • from there, it enters the left and right pulmonary arteries.
  • it the continues to the left and right lungs for gas exchange.
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8
Q

What arteries in the circulatory system contain oxygen poor blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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9
Q

Describe the function of the left side of the heart

A
  • The left side of the heart receives oxygen rich blood from the left and right lungs and pumps this blood out to the body
  • the oxygen rich blood flows from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
  • the left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle
  • all the blood going to the body tissues leave through the largest vessel in the body, the aorta
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10
Q

What are the only veins that contain oxygenated blood in the circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary veins

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11
Q

What are atrioventricular valves. List the 2 of them.

A

Atrioventricular valves are a valve in the heart between the ventricle and atrium. The atrioventricular valve on the right side is the tricuspid valve since it is made up of 3 flaps. The atrioventricular valve on the right side is called the bicuspid valve or mitral valve since it only has 2 flaps

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12
Q

Semilunar valves. Describe and list the types.

A

A valve between the ventricle and the large arteries. Called semilunar valves because of their half moon shape.

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13
Q

Why does an artery have thick/ highly elastic walls

A

This elasticity allows the artery to expand as a wave of blood surges through it during the contraction of the ventricles, and then to snap back during the relaxation of the ventricles. The expansion and contraction of the artery walls keeps the blood flowing in the right direction and provides and additional pumping motion to help propel the blood through the blood vessels.

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14
Q

What do you feel when you measure your pulse?

A

You feel the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood moves through it

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15
Q

Describe veins.

A

Veins have thinner walls than arteries and a larger inner circumference.

  • They are not as elastic as arteries and cannot contract to help move the blood back to the heart.
  • Instead, the contractions of muscles keeps the blood in the veins flowing toward the heart.
  • veins also have 1 way valves that prevent the blood from flowing backward.
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16
Q

Describe the flow of blood though all vessels in a closed circulatory system

A

Heart-> large arteries-> smaller arteries-> arterioles-> capillaries-> venules-> smaller veins-> larger veins->heart

17
Q

Double circulatory system

A

Called double because blood is pumped through one circuit between the heart and the lungs, and it is pumped through a second circuit between the heart and the rest of the body. Mammals need oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood flowing separately.

18
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The path that blood follows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

  • blood that flows from the heart to the lungs carry waste CO2. As this gas passed through the respiratory surfaces of the lungs, gas exchange takes place. CO2 leaves the blood and O2 moves into the blood.
  • the fresh oxygenated blood goes back to the heart and is pumped from the heart into a second circuit.
19
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Systemic circulation takes oxygenated blood from the heart to other tissues and organs throughout the body.
-after circulating throughout the body, the blood returns to the heart carrying waste carbon dioxide from the body’s tissues. The blood then re enters the pulmonary circulation. At any given time 80-90% of your blood is in systemic circulation.

20
Q

Cardiac circulation

A

The movement of blood through the heart tissues

21
Q

What is vasodilation

A

Vasodilation is the widening or dilating of the blood vessels. This occurs when the body becomes hot as a result of vigorous activity or a high external temperature. The body releases hear by evaporation of water in sweat. Vasodilation helps the body to lose heat more rapidly.

22
Q

What is vasoconstriction

A

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels. This reduces the amount of heat that is dissipated from the skin and helps to conserve heat. At the same time muscle contractions called shivering increases the production of heat by cellular metabolism.

23
Q

More on vasodilation

A

During vasodilation, the blood vessels expand and increase the blood flow near the skin

24
Q

More on vasoconstriction

A

During vasoconstriction, the blood vessels contract reducing blood flow near the skin

25
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

The system that transports blood, nutrients, and waste around the body

Circulatory System (1 decks)

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