121 - Chapters 5.3-6.5 Review Flashcards
Why was the Election of 1800 a turning point in American politics?
It marked the first peaceful transition of power between opposing political parties.
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
It established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
How did the Louisiana Purchase challenge Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution?
The Constitution did not explicitly allow the president to purchase land, forcing Jefferson to justify the acquisition.
Why was the Mississippi River important to American expansion?
It was a vital trade route that connected western territories to global markets.
How did Jefferson’s policies differ from Federalist policies?
He reduced the size of government, cut military spending, and emphasized agrarian ideals.
Why did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory?
He needed money for European wars and had lost interest in an American empire after Haiti’s revolution.
How did Lewis and Clark help future expansion?
They mapped new lands, documented resources, and established relations with Native American tribes.
What was the impact of the Embargo Act of 1807?
It devastated U.S. trade, particularly in New England, and led to economic hardships.
What role did British interference with trade play in starting the War of 1812?
Britain restricted American trade with France, violating U.S. neutrality.
What was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, and why was it significant?
A British warship attacked an American vessel, increasing anti-British sentiment.
How did the war hawks influence the decision to go to war?
They pushed for war to stop British interference and to expand U.S. territory into Canada.
What was the impact of the Battle of New Orleans?
It was a major U.S. victory led by Andrew Jackson, boosting national pride.
What were the major provisions of the Treaty of Ghent?
It restored pre-war borders but did not address impressment or trade rights.
How did the war affect Native American resistance?
With the British defeated, Native American resistance weakened, leading to more U.S. expansion.
Why was the Hartford Convention significant?
It damaged the Federalist Party’s reputation as they opposed the war, making them seem unpatriotic.
How did the War of 1812 contribute to American nationalism?
The U.S. viewed it as a second war for independence, fostering unity and pride.
What were the key innovations of the Industrial Revolution?
The steam engine, textile mills, and mechanized farming equipment.
How did the factory system change American labor?
It shifted work from skilled artisans to wage labor in large-scale production.
Why was New England the center of early U.S. industrialization?
It had fast-moving rivers for power, a large workforce, and investment capital.
What was the significance of Samuel Slater’s textile mills?
He brought British industrial techniques to America, sparking rapid growth.
How did transportation innovations contribute to industrialization?
Canals and railroads connected markets, allowing goods to be transported faster and cheaper.
What was the role of immigrants in industrialization?
They provided a steady labor force for factories and helped expand cities.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect agriculture?
New machines like the cotton gin increased production, but also expanded slavery.
What impact did industrialization have on urbanization?
It led to rapid city growth as people moved to work in factories.
