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Ems 121 Final Exam > 121-2 Study Guide > Flashcards

121-2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q
  • When do you start scene size UP?
A

From the moment you are dispatched

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2
Q

What constitutes hazards on a scene

A

Environmental, physical, chemical,electrical,water, fire,explosion,threat of physical violence

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3
Q

What situations require additional resources.

A

Patient needs ALS,hazardous materials,complex extrication,any situation that puts you or your partner at risk

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4
Q

What additional resources are available

A

Law enforcement,fire,hazmat teams,search and rescue,ALS, medi-vac

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5
Q

Purpose of primary assessment

A

To identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life threats

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6
Q

Components of primary assessment

A

*general impression
*look for uncontrolled excessive bleeding
*Assess loc
* identify life threats
* ABC’s
* rapid exam

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7
Q

When do you form a general impression

A

As you approach a patient

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8
Q

How do you form a general impression

A

Notice things like age, sex, race, level of distress, and overall appearance

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9
Q

Level of consciousness vs orientation

A

Loc = avpu
Orientation= person, place, time, event

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10
Q

What are the various methods of airway management

A

*chin lift head tilt
*jaw thrust
*BVM
*suction
* NPA
*OPA
* supraglottic
* ETT

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11
Q

NPA and its contraindications

A

Nasopharengial airway
Contraindications: severe head injury with blood drain from the nose, history of fractured nasal bone, facial fractures

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12
Q

OPA and its contraindications

A

Oraipharengial airway
Contraindications:conscious patients, anyone with an intact gag reflex

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13
Q

Supraglottic contraindications

A

Any patient who is consious or has intact gag reflex

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14
Q

When can you not use the head tilt chin lift

A

Any time spinal trauma is suspected

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15
Q

When do you use the jaw thrust maneuver

A

When a spinal injury is possible

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16
Q

Types of supragiottic airways

A

I gel
King tube
LMA

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17
Q

I gel

A

Heat activated forms to body, measure by weight

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18
Q

King tube

A

Measure by height, 2 balloons

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19
Q

When is a nasal cannula needed

A

For comfort care in patients with mild hypoxia 1-6 liters

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20
Q

When is a non rebreather needed

A

In patients with severe hypoxia who are otherwise breathing adequately

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21
Q

Artificial ventilation

A

Patients in respiratory arrest, unconscious

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22
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive airway pressure: use in patients who are alert and displaying obvious signs of respiratory distress from underlying pathology such as c0pd or chf

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23
Q

How should you perform assisted ventilations

A
  1. Explain procedure to patient
  2. Place mask over nose and mouth
  3. Squeeze bag each time patient breathes
    4.after the initial 5-10 breaths slowly adjust rate and deliver an appropriate tidal volume 5. Adjust tidal volume to maintain adequate min volume
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24
Q

Normal vital sign ranges

A

RR 12-20
HR 60-100
BP 90-120systolic

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25
When is the appropriate time to receive vitals
secondary assessment every 5 min for an unstable patient every 15 for stable patient
26
When should you provide assisted ventilations
When a patient is in severe respiratory distress and is not breathing adequately
27
What does cyanosis indicate
Insufficient air exchange and low oxygen levels
28
What does pale, white, ashen, or grey skin indicate
Poor peripheral circulation
29
What does a bluish tint around the mouth or finger tips indicate
Cyanosis
30
What does a yellowish tint to the skin indicate
Jaundice
31
What causes jaundice
Liver disease or dysfunction
32
How does a pulse ox work
Measures the percentage of molecules that are bound to arterial blood
33
What might cause false pulse ox readings
The pulse ox can't differentiate CO from 02
34
Respiratory system anatomy superior to inferior
Nasopharynx, nasal air passage, pharynx,oropharynx, mouth,epiglottis, larynx, trachea carina,, bronchi, bronchioles pulmonary capillaries, alveoli, diaphragm
35
What are the accessory muscles used when a patient nas has difficulty breathing
Sternocleidomastoids( neck muscles), pectoralis( major muscles of the chest),and abdominal muscles
36
What is the difference between respiratory distress, arrest, and failure
Distress:abnormal respiratory rate or effort Failure: inadequate oxygenation,ventilation,or both Arrest: absence of breathing
37
What does sample stand for
S: signs and symptoms A: allergies m: medications P: pertinent past medical history L: last oral intake E: events leading up to injury or illness
38
What does opqrst stand for
O: onset p: provocation Q: quality R: region/radiation S: severity T: timing
39
AVPU
A: awake and alert v: responsive to verbal stimuli P: responsive to pain u: unresponsive
40
AA0x4
Person, place, time, event
41
Sign vs symptom
Sign: an objective finding Symptom: subjective experience reported by a patient
42
When is reassessment done
After secondary assessment
43
What is the difference between base station, mobile radio, portable radio, and repeater
Base station:contains transmitter and receiver is located in a fixed place Mobile: installed in a vehicle Portable: hand held Repeater: special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency
44
What to communicate and in what order
Acknowledge call En route to call On scene On route to hospital Arrival to hospital Return to service
45
What is included in a pcr
Cneif complaint History Assessments Treatments (rx) Transport
46
Subjective vs objective
Subjective: perceived by the patient Objective: definite findings
47
What is cardiogenic shock
Inadequate heart function Disease of muscle tissue Impaired electrical system Disease or injury
48
What conditions cause cariogenic shock
CHF MI
49
What does CHF stand for
Congestive heart failure
50
What does MI stand for
Myocardial infarction
51
What is obstructive shock
Obstruction of the cardiac muscle due to an outside source
52
What conditions cause obstructive shock
Pulmonary embolism Cardiac tamponade Tension pneumothorax
53
What is a pulmonary embolism
A blood clot in the lungs
54
What is a tension pneumothorax
A collapsed lung
55
What is cardiac tamponade
Buildup of fluid in the paricardial sac
56
What are the 3 types of distributive shock
Septic shock Anaphylactic shock Neurogenic shock
57
What is happening in distributive shock
Abnormal vasodilation
58
What is septic shock
Infection in the bloodstream
59
What is anaphylactic shock
Severe allergic reaction that effects at least 2 body systems
60
Neurogenic shock
Damaged cervical spine causes widespread vasodilation
61
What is hypovelimic shock
Low Volume; Loss of fluid Massive hemorrhage Severe dehydration
62
Explain the process of inhalation
1. Air enters through nose/mouth 2. Volume in the plural cavity increases and pressure decreases 3.diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract 4.In the alveoli co2 and oxygen are exchanged 5.Oxygen molecules move into the capillaries where they bind with hemoglobin 6.Hemoglobin carries and delivers oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body
63
Explain the process of exhalation
1. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax 2. Volume decreases and pressure increases 3. Co2 is exhaled
64
Decompensated shock
The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
65
Compensated shock
The early stage in shock where the body can still compensate for blood loss
66
What is a sign in septic shock that differs from all other types of shock
Warm skin/fever
67
What is pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
68
What is preload
The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up
69
What is after load
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps
70
What is hypoperfusion
Low flow of blood through the body’s tissues and vessels
71
What is shunting
Blood moved away from organs that can last longer without oxygen and moved to vital organs
72
What is capnography
Measures the concentration of co2 being expelled
73
What is the golden hour
The time from injury to definitive care during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best
74
What is tidal volume
The amount of air in mL that is moved in and out of lungs in 1 breath
75
Aerobic metabolism
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen
76
Anaerobic metabolism
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen: main byproduct is lactic acid
77
Minute volume
Volume of air that moves in and out of lungs in one min
78
What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest in infants
Respiratory arrest
79
Visceral pleura
Thin membrane that covers the lungs

Ems 121 Final Exam (1 decks)

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