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Ems 121 Final Exam > 121-2 Study Guide > Flashcards

121-2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q
  • When do you start scene size UP?
A

From the moment you are dispatched

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2
Q

What constitutes hazards on a scene

A

Environmental, physical, chemical,electrical,water, fire,explosion,threat of physical violence

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3
Q

What situations require additional resources.

A

Patient needs ALS,hazardous materials,complex extrication,any situation that puts you or your partner at risk

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4
Q

What additional resources are available

A

Law enforcement,fire,hazmat teams,search and rescue,ALS, medi-vac

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5
Q

Purpose of primary assessment

A

To identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life threats

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6
Q

Components of primary assessment

A

*general impression
*look for uncontrolled excessive bleeding
*Assess loc
* identify life threats
* ABC’s
* rapid exam

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7
Q

When do you form a general impression

A

As you approach a patient

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8
Q

How do you form a general impression

A

Notice things like age, sex, race, level of distress, and overall appearance

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9
Q

Level of consciousness vs orientation

A

Loc = avpu
Orientation= person, place, time, event

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10
Q

What are the various methods of airway management

A

*chin lift head tilt
*jaw thrust
*BVM
*suction
* NPA
*OPA
* supraglottic
* ETT

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11
Q

NPA and its contraindications

A

Nasopharengial airway
Contraindications: severe head injury with blood drain from the nose, history of fractured nasal bone, facial fractures

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12
Q

OPA and its contraindications

A

Oraipharengial airway
Contraindications:conscious patients, anyone with an intact gag reflex

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13
Q

Supraglottic contraindications

A

Any patient who is consious or has intact gag reflex

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14
Q

When can you not use the head tilt chin lift

A

Any time spinal trauma is suspected

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15
Q

When do you use the jaw thrust maneuver

A

When a spinal injury is possible

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16
Q

Types of supragiottic airways

A

I gel
King tube
LMA

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17
Q

I gel

A

Heat activated forms to body, measure by weight

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18
Q

King tube

A

Measure by height, 2 balloons

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19
Q

When is a nasal cannula needed

A

For comfort care in patients with mild hypoxia 1-6 liters

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20
Q

When is a non rebreather needed

A

In patients with severe hypoxia who are otherwise breathing adequately

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21
Q

Artificial ventilation

A

Patients in respiratory arrest, unconscious

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22
Q

CPAP

A

Continuous Positive airway pressure: use in patients who are alert and displaying obvious signs of respiratory distress from underlying pathology such as c0pd or chf

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23
Q

How should you perform assisted ventilations

A
  1. Explain procedure to patient
  2. Place mask over nose and mouth
  3. Squeeze bag each time patient breathes
    4.after the initial 5-10 breaths slowly adjust rate and deliver an appropriate tidal volume 5. Adjust tidal volume to maintain adequate min volume
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24
Q

Normal vital sign ranges

A

RR 12-20
HR 60-100
BP 90-120systolic

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25
Q

When is the appropriate time to receive vitals

A

secondary assessment every 5 min for an unstable patient every 15 for stable patient

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26
Q

When should you provide assisted ventilations

A

When a patient is in severe respiratory distress and is not breathing adequately

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27
Q

What does cyanosis indicate

A

Insufficient air exchange and low oxygen levels

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28
Q

What does pale, white, ashen, or grey skin indicate

A

Poor peripheral circulation

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29
Q

What does a bluish tint around the mouth or finger tips indicate

A

Cyanosis

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30
Q

What does a yellowish tint to the skin indicate

A

Jaundice

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31
Q

What causes jaundice

A

Liver disease or dysfunction

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32
Q

How does a pulse ox work

A

Measures the percentage of molecules that are bound to arterial blood

33
Q

What might cause false pulse ox readings

A

The pulse ox can’t differentiate CO from 02

34
Q

Respiratory system anatomy superior to inferior

A

Nasopharynx, nasal air passage, pharynx,oropharynx, mouth,epiglottis, larynx, trachea carina,, bronchi, bronchioles pulmonary capillaries, alveoli, diaphragm

35
Q

What are the accessory muscles used when a patient nas has difficulty breathing

A

Sternocleidomastoids( neck muscles), pectoralis( major muscles of the chest),and abdominal muscles

36
Q

What is the difference between respiratory distress, arrest, and failure

A

Distress:abnormal respiratory rate or effort
Failure: inadequate oxygenation,ventilation,or both
Arrest: absence of breathing

37
Q

What does sample stand for

A

S: signs and symptoms
A: allergies
m: medications
P: pertinent past medical history
L: last oral intake
E: events leading up to injury or illness

38
Q

What does opqrst stand for

A

O: onset
p: provocation
Q: quality
R: region/radiation
S: severity
T: timing

39
Q

AVPU

A

A: awake and alert
v: responsive to verbal stimuli
P: responsive to pain
u: unresponsive

40
Q

AA0x4

A

Person, place, time, event

41
Q

Sign vs symptom

A

Sign: an objective finding
Symptom: subjective experience reported by a patient

42
Q

When is reassessment done

A

After secondary assessment

43
Q

What is the difference between base station, mobile radio, portable radio, and repeater

A

Base station:contains transmitter and receiver is located in a fixed place
Mobile: installed in a vehicle
Portable: hand held
Repeater: special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency

44
Q

What to communicate and in what order

A

Acknowledge call
En route to call
On scene
On route to hospital
Arrival to hospital
Return to service

45
Q

What is included in a pcr

A

Cneif complaint
History
Assessments
Treatments (rx)
Transport

46
Q

Subjective vs objective

A

Subjective: perceived by the patient
Objective: definite findings

47
Q

What is cardiogenic shock

A

Inadequate heart function
Disease of muscle tissue
Impaired electrical system
Disease or injury

48
Q

What conditions cause cariogenic shock

A

CHF
MI

49
Q

What does CHF stand for

A

Congestive heart failure

50
Q

What does MI stand for

A

Myocardial infarction

51
Q

What is obstructive shock

A

Obstruction of the cardiac muscle due to an outside source

52
Q

What conditions cause obstructive shock

A

Pulmonary embolism
Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothorax

53
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot in the lungs

54
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax

A

A collapsed lung

55
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

Buildup of fluid in the paricardial sac

56
Q

What are the 3 types of distributive shock

A

Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Neurogenic shock

57
Q

What is happening in distributive shock

A

Abnormal vasodilation

58
Q

What is septic shock

A

Infection in the bloodstream

59
Q

What is anaphylactic shock

A

Severe allergic reaction that effects at least 2 body systems

60
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Damaged cervical spine causes widespread vasodilation

61
Q

What is hypovelimic shock

A

Low Volume; Loss of fluid
Massive hemorrhage
Severe dehydration

62
Q

Explain the process of inhalation

A
  1. Air enters through nose/mouth
  2. Volume in the plural cavity increases and pressure decreases
    3.diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
    4.In the alveoli co2 and oxygen are exchanged
    5.Oxygen molecules move into the capillaries where they bind with hemoglobin
    6.Hemoglobin carries and delivers oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body
63
Q

Explain the process of exhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
  2. Volume decreases and pressure increases
  3. Co2 is exhaled
64
Q

Decompensated shock

A

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

65
Q

Compensated shock

A

The early stage in shock where the body can still compensate for blood loss

66
Q

What is a sign in septic shock that differs from all other types of shock

A

Warm skin/fever

67
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

68
Q

What is preload

A

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up

69
Q

What is after load

A

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

70
Q

What is hypoperfusion

A

Low flow of blood through the body’s tissues and vessels

71
Q

What is shunting

A

Blood moved away from organs that can last longer without oxygen and moved to vital organs

72
Q

What is capnography

A

Measures the concentration of co2 being expelled

73
Q

What is the golden hour

A

The time from injury to definitive care during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best

74
Q

What is tidal volume

A

The amount of air in mL that is moved in and out of lungs in 1 breath

75
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen

76
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen: main byproduct is lactic acid

77
Q

Minute volume

A

Volume of air that moves in and out of lungs in one min

78
Q

What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest in infants

A

Respiratory arrest

79
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Thin membrane that covers the lungs

Ems 121 Final Exam (1 decks)

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