1200-1450

Question 1

chinese traditions and culture :

Answer 1

confucianism & filial piety, buddhism, neo-confucianism, foot binding, diasporic communities | influenced korea, heian japan, and vietnam 1200-1450

Question 2

confucianism & filial piety

Answer 2

confucianism abt maintaining order in society, even in times of political chaos

filial piety is unquestioned respect for father, who respects his higher-ups all the way to emperor

Question 3

buddhism

Answer 3

originated in India, spread to china along the Silk Roads

Changed to fit local conditions. Mahayana Buddhism formed, emphasizing more hope for eternal life

Question 4

Neo-Confucianism

Answer 4

Blended concepts from Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism into one. It was updated to align with the social values of the Song dynasty and a reaction to the challenges of Buddhist and Daoist philosophy and religion. Became popular by 1200

Question 5

Footbinding

Answer 5

women’s feet to prove submissiveness, continued into early 20th century. Another sign of Confucianism patriarchy

Question 6

Diasporic communities in China

Answer 6

Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Arrived along trade routes, becoming merchants and govn. officials and assuming roles necessary to establish nodes of commerce and state sponsored commercial infrastructure

Question 7

China influenced what countries?

Answer 7

Korea, Heian Japan, and Vietnam

Greatly influenced cultures, including leaders. Additional spreads are govn. literature, and art

Question 8

china’s first dynasty in 1200-1450

Answer 8

song dynasty, came to power through support of military people

Question 9

song dynasty’s civilization and impact :

Answer 9

keifeng and hangzhou were trade and govn. centeres, each with at least a million residents
the most advanced civilization, largest cities, strongest economy, latest tech

Question 10

song dynasty’s economy :

Answer 10

massive exports to East Africa, Arabia, and South and SE Asia. Chinese craftsmen gave porcelain, iron + steel, tea + silk

Question 11

song dynasty’s agriculture :

Answer 11

introduction of champa rice. champa rice brought terrace farming, crops several times a year, and less water needed

Question 12

song dynasty’s tech :

Answer 12

invented paper money and had policy of taxing all imports, sometimes at a v high rate. gunpowder, wood block printing, compass, and expanded grand canal

Question 13

what is dar al-islam?

Answer 13

just territory muslims are free to practice their religion

Question 14

islam for dar al-islam :

Answer 14

originated in arabia in 7th century, expdaed papidyly west across N. Africa into Span and west africa, north into turkey, south along the east coast of Africa, and east into South and Central Asia

Question 15

Christianity in Dar al-Islam :

Answer 15

Christianity retreated in region of turkey, supplanted by Islam, but gained in Spain til overtook Islam there by c. 1450

Question 16

Jews in Darl al-Islam :

Answer 16

lived in scattered communities throughout afro-Eurasia. merchants, scholars, artisans, and govn. officials were some jobs Jews held. Countries in Euro sought to expel Jews, sometimes out of religious rivalry and other times out of fear that Jews were responsible for the black Death

Question 17

New Islamic Political States in Dar Al-Islam :

Answer 17

Abbasid caliphate, Mamluks of the caliphate, Sufism

Question 18

Abbasid caliphate

Answer 18

began declining before c. 1200, fell when Mongols sacked capital city of Baghdad in 1258. Other Muslim govn. rose in this era

Question 19

Mamluks

Answer 19

Professional army established by Abbasids. Mamluks later set up a sultanate in Egypt. Also moved into Central Asia and established Delhi Sultanate, which ruled much of S. Asia, and repelled Mongol invasions

Question 20

what did decline of Abbasids lead into?

Answer 20

As Abbasids declined, Turkish groups from Central Asia moved to SW Asia to form Muslim Ottoman Empire in Turkey in late 13th cent, rapidly expanded

Question 20

what did decline of Abbasids lead into?

Answer 20

As Abbasids declined, Turkish groups from Central Asia moved to SW Asia to form Muslim Ottoman Empire in Turkey in late 13th cent, rapidly expanded

Question 21

this is new rel of Islam

Answer 21

Sufism, the mystical form. grew along with new govn. ranging from Eastern Euro to n. Africa, into Central and South Asia

Question 22

Muslim advances in tech and science

Answer 22

medicine, scholarship, cultural transfers

Question 23

Muslim Scholars

Answer 23

Muslim scholars were among the world’s leaders in medicine and astronomy. Preserved Greek and Roman literature and made several advanced in mathematics during this era

Question 24

Most famous example of muslim scholarship :

Answer 24

Abbasid Empire's " house of Wisdom ". center of philosophy, science, and engineering

Question 25

Muslim cultural transfers :

Answer 25

Muslim and Christian Spain exchanged mathematics and knowledge of Greek and Roman literature, which were preserved by Muslim scholars

Question 26

rel in S. and SE Asia :

Answer 26

Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism shaped societies

Question 27

Hinduism movement that became popular in S. Asia

Answer 27

Bhakti movement in Hindiusm became popular in South Asia. Shift in devotion to a personal god, perhaps because of growing influence of Islam in S. Asia at this time

Question 28

Islam thing that expanded :

Answer 28

Sufism rapidly expanded in South and Central Asia. Native Islamic sultanates were established in Sumatra by 15th or 16th centuries. Trade city of Malacca was also a center of Islam and major conduit for spread of faith in Southeast Asia

Question 29

New Hindu and Buddhist states in South and Southeast Asia :

Answer 29

Vijayanagara Empire, Buddhist Srivijaya

Question 30

Hindu led states in South and Southeast Asia :

Answer 30

Vijayanagara Empire, Rajput kingdoms

Question 31

Vijariyanaga empire :

Answer 31

hindlu-led state that arose in southern half of S. Asia, as counter to Muslim expansion to the north

Question 32

Rajput Kingdoms :

Answer 32

smaller hindu states occupying parts of South Asia

Question 33

What happened at same time of Vijayanagara and Rajput states?

Answer 33

late 1200s fall of Buddhist srivijaya empire in SE Asia

Question 34

State Building in americas :

Answer 34

mayan city states, aztecs, inca empire, and cahokia

Question 35

Central Mexico :

Answer 35

Where Aztecs resided. Many aspects of Toltec culture like rel and architecture were adopted by Aztecs. Their king was also considered a god Tenochtitlan was it's capital. The empire grew through conquest of neighbors who they ruled indirectly via a tribute system

Question 36

West Coast of South America :

Answer 36

Incas lived mainly along the Andes Mountains. Their most famous features were extensive road and bridge systems and a govn.-controlled distribution system of goods and agriculture. King was considered divine

Question 37

St. Louis, Missouri :

Answer 37

State in the Americas, Cahokia is located near today's St. Louis, Missouri. Complex of buildings and earthen mounds from Mississippian culture. Major trade and rel center. used Mississippi river to conduct long-distance trade as far as Gulf of Mexico. Effective Urban planners and farmers, but lacked writing system

Question 38

State building in Africa c.1200 - 1450 :

Answer 38

Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopia

Question 39

Great Zimbabwe :

Answer 39

major civilization in SE Africa, impressive stone buildings and flourishing trade with social groups in interior of Africa and along Swahili Coast

Question 40

Ethiopia :

Answer 40

Led by dynasties of Christian kings, Ethiopia was major cultural and economic crossroads. Most famous feature are " rock churches " built during Emperor Lalibela

Question 41

Developments in Europe c.1200 - 1450 :

Answer 41

plague, decline of feudal system, rel

Question 42

Rel in Europe :

Answer 42

Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe continued as loose union of several small kingdoms

Question 43

Plague in Europe :

Answer 43

Black Death in Afro-Eurasia in 14th century hit WESTERN Europe the hardest. Political and cultural power of Catholic Church in wEurope was weakened

Question 44

Feudal system in Europe :

Answer 44

Freeing of serfs by c. 1500 with slow erosion of Feudal system of lords, manors, and serfs

Question 45

Rel fragmentation in Europe :

Answer 45

Reconquista, or Reconquest, of Catholicism over Islam continued while Catholic Church lost prestige and power in rest of Western Europe

Question 46

Connected to political and religious processes are economic + social changes and continuities

Answer 46

So yeah, really make sure you got implications down

Question 47

The silk roads :

Answer 47

Silk Roads existed long before 1200 but now are longer and busier than ever, running from Korea to the Mediterranean Sea

Question 48

Developments along Silk Road :

Answer 48

Increased trade led to caravanserai, or stopping points. Some caravanserai developed into important cities, such as Samarkand and Dunhuang

Question 49

What did trading cities bring about?

Answer 49

Hub for trades, like , China - silk textiles, porcelain, and tea Black Sea region - amber ( pretty fossilized tree resin ) Central Asia - carpets and musical instruments faraway Europe - gold and silver

Question 50

What tech did trading cities exchange?

Answer 50

China : Gunpowder, paper, and the compass South Asia : Arabic numerals

Question 51

Silk Road - money :

Answer 51

○ Banks grew along Silk Roads that provided bills of exchange to protect merchants' money ○ China's exports were so strong that paper money was introduced from lac of metal coins ○ After Mongols conquered China, paper money grew in popularity

Question 52

Mongol empire and making of modern world :

Answer 52

13th to 15th century, mongol rule stretched from East Asia to Eastern Europe | Mongol Peace | Mongol Expansion

Question 53

Mongol rule :

Answer 53

○ Mongols were pastoralists, and in early 13th century led by Genghis the Mongols swept south into China, eventually ending the Song dynasty ○ Mongols in China made Beijing their capital and ended the examination system. Arab foreigners and other foreigners could adminster govn. ○ Genghis's grandson, Kublai Khan established Yuan Dynasty where it lasted until 1368 from rebellions

Question 54

The mongol peace :

Answer 54

○ Mongols accumulated goods from all over the world and kept peace by promoting inter-state relationships ○ Cities that opposed the Mongols disappeared from the map, like Hanghdad's leaders and Abbasid Empire ○ China's population declined by half during Yuan dynasty too

Question 55

Mongol expansion :

Answer 55

○ Mongol Empire grew so quickly that one leader couldn't oversee it all ○ Mongols established tribute system of trade with Korea, but failed twice to invade Japan by sea ○ Russian leaders collected tribute to send to their mongol masters in exchange for peace

Question 56

Effects of Mongols :

Answer 56

Eventually everyone rebelled, but while Mongols were still in rule: ○ They allowed freedom of religion, and tech such as : saddle stirrups, compound bow, flying cash, and pasta ○ Black death spread faster bcs increased trade

Question 57

Important oceanic trade route :

Answer 57

Indian Ocean trade network

Question 58

Why ships?

Answer 58

Ships carried heavier bulk items ( like lumber and pottery ) | - Silver, cotton, spices, porcelain was exchanged

Question 59

What made trade safer and more profitable?

Answer 59

Compass, astrolabe, and larger ships. Chinese junk too

Question 60

Indian ocean trade led to growth of what states?

Answer 60

Islamic Sultanate of Malacca - patrolled vital Straits of Malacca port of Gujarat ( western India ) - trade center midway between Africa and East Asia

Question 61

Cultural groups of people in Indian Ocean trade cities :

Answer 61

Muslims controlled trading centers : on Swahili Coast of East Africa. Cities such as Kilwa, Lamu, and Zanzibar hosted merchants from : Europe, Arabian Peninsula, South Asia, SE Asia, and East Asia Merchant activity led to sizable diasporic communities, such as: - Chinese in Southeast Asia - Arabs and Persians in East Africa - Malays in South Asia

Question 62

Trans-Saharan Trade :

Answer 62

Exchange between Coast and connecting to Silk Road : Coast : cotton, dates, and leather goods Connecting to Silk Road : gold, salt, ivery, animal hides, and slaves

Question 63

V important for the Trans-Saharan Trade route :

Answer 63

Camels. Camel became main means of transport, greatly increasing trade. Camel saddle and use of camel caravans encouraged trade

Question 64

Religion from Trans-Saharan trade routes :

Answer 64

Islam in 8th century

Question 65

Trans-Saharan Trade Kingdom :

Answer 65

Muslim West African kingdom of Mali increased Afro-Eurasian trade, giving gold and animal skins to get goods like salt

Question 66

Important facts about Mali :

Answer 66

Timbuktu was major trade, rel, and educational center Mansa Musa made famous pilgrimage to Islamic holy city, Mecca Ibn Battuta recorded visit to Mali in 14th century - Songhai, similar empire, appeared late in this era and competed w Mali for trade dominance -