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MB > 12. Weightbearing, the Back and Locomotion > Flashcards

12. Weightbearing, the Back and Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if damage occurs above T1?

A

Quadriplegia

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2
Q

What happens if damage occurs between T1 and L5?

A

Paraplegia

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3
Q

Which spinal curves are convex?

A

Thoracic
Sacral
Also known as kyphosis and primary curves

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4
Q

Which spinal curves are concave?

A

Cervical and lumbar

Also known as lordosis and secondary curves

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5
Q

What spinal abnormalities may occur?

A

Excess lordosis
Excess kyphosis
Scoliosis

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6
Q

What ligaments are associated with the vertebrae?

A 
Anterior longitudal
Posterior longitudal
Ligamentum flavin
Interspinous
Supraspinous
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7
Q

What is a motion segment composed of?

A

2 adjacent vertebrae
Intervertebral disc
Connecting ligaments
2 facet joints and capsules

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus pulposus?

A

Allows vertebrae to roll during flexion, extension and lateral bending

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9
Q

What is the function of the annulus fibrosis?

A

Holds vertebrae together

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10
Q

Which direction with a herniated disc protrude and why?

A

Posterolaterally

Due to posterior longitudal ligaments

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11
Q

What symptoms would a herniated disc at L4/5 result in?

A

Leg pain
Weak movement
Diagnosed by sciatic stretch

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12
Q

What symptoms would a herniated disc at L5/S1 result in?

A

Pain, weakness
Absent tendon reflex
Diagnose with sciatic stretch

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13
Q

What symptoms would a herniated disc at L3/4 result in?

A

Anterior thigh pain
Weak quads
Absent tendon reflex
Femoral stretch

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14
Q

What does the sciatic stretch test test for?

A

Lumbosacral root irritation

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15
Q

What does the femoral stretch test test for?

A

Entrapment of femoral nerve and L2-4 roots

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16
Q

What happens in degeneration of vertebrae?

A

Cartilage is replaced by bone and the overgrowths rub together

17
Q

What are bumps in bone called?

A

Osteophytes

18
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome?

A

Midline herniation
Bilateral lower lumbar weakness
Numbness
Loss of bladder control

19
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae

20
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles?

A

Erector spinae
Splenius muscles
Transversospinal muscles

21
Q

What are the phases of walking?

A 
Initial contact
Flat foot
Mid stance
Heel lift
Toe off
22
Q

What types of abnormal gaits are there?

A 
Hemiplegic
Antalgic
Trendelenberg
High-stepping
Festination

MB (13 decks)

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