1.2 water cycle🌧 Flashcards
how does deforestation affect the water cycle?
- less interception by trees so surface runoff increases
- fewer plants so less transpiration
how do storm events affect the water cycle?
- large amounts of rainfall quickly saturate ground
- no water can infiltrate soil, so surface runoff increases
- less effective at recharging water stores then prolonged rainfall
how does agriculture affect the water cycle?
- ploughing increases infiltration by creating a looser soil which reduces surface runoff
- drainage ditches increase runoff and streamflow
- irregation leads to groundwater depletion
how does urbanisation affect the water cycle
- impermeable surfaces lead to
- reduced infiltration
- increased surface runoff
- increased flood risk
what is the hydrosphere
the water on earth in liquid form eg sea
what water makes up 97% of the hydrosphere
oceanic water
what water makes up 3% of the hydrosphere
fresh water eg. land ice, glaciers, permafrost, lakes, soil, wetland, rivers
define cyrosphere
portions of earth’s surface where water is in solid form
what makes up the cryosphere
sea ice = Ross ice shelf, ice caps = Iceland ice cap, ice sheets = Greenland ice sheet, Alpine glaciers = Mer de Glace, France, permafrost = Alaska North Slope
define lithosphere
the groundwater that collects underground in the pore spaces of rock
define the water balance
the balance between inputs and outputs
what is water abstraction
water removed from stores for human use
(abstraction) what happens to the volume of water in surface stores
reduces in puddles, lakes, rivers etc.
when does water abstraction increase
in dry seasons, water removed for irrigation
what does water abstraction from aquifers lead to
more output than input to aquifer
decline in global long-term water stores
