1.2 ultrastructure of cells vocab Flashcards
70S
The size of prokaryotic ribosomes.
80S
The size of eukaryotic ribosomes
Eukaryote
Organisms with a membrane-bound nuclei.
Prokaryote
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.
Binary fission
Method of prokaryotic cell division.
Compartmentalization
Seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.
Endoplasmic reticulum [ER]
Site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.
Naked DNA
DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.
Scanning electron microscope
An electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image to map the surface of objects
Extracellular matrix
A network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.
Flagellum
A relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.
Golgi apparatus
A eukaryotic organelle that sorts and modifies proteins after translation.
Histone
A protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.
Lysosome
A cellular organelle, containing digestive enzymes, involved in intercellular cellular digestion.
Nucleus
A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.
Svedberg unit
Unit of molecule size based on the position that material settles out in a centrifuge tube after spinning. Larger particles tend to settle out faster and so have higher Svedberg values.
Organelle
A sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.
Palisade mesophyll
A photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.
Pilli
Extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction and adherence to surfaces.
Archaea
A domain of prokaryotes.
Bacteria
A domain of prokaryotes.
rER
Rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.
Resolution
The ability to see adjacent objects or structures as distinct from each other.
Ribosome
Organelle involved in protein synthesis.
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete their products into ducts.
Nucleoid
A region of the prokaryotic cell where the single molecule of DNA is located.
sER
Endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes new membrane and lipids and does not have ribosomes attached.
Transmission electron microscope
An electron microscope that produces two-dimensional images as cross-sections.
Ultrastructure
The detailed structure of a biological entity.
Protists
A kingdom of eukaryotes of unicellular organisms; or multicellular organisms without specialised tissue.
Mitochondrion
Site of aerobic respiration.
Centriole
A tiny organelle consisting of nine paired microtubules, arranged in a short hollow cylinder. In animals, there is a pair arranged at right angles, forming a centrosome.
Magnification
The ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible.
Micrograph
A photo or digital image taken through a microscope to show a magnified image of a specimen
Cytosol
Internal fluid of a cell, minus all the organelles.
Cytoplasm
All the internal contents of a cell, minus the nucleus.
Tonoplast
The membrane surrounding the large vacuole(s) in a plant cell.
Plasmid
A circular extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.
