1.2 the built environment life cycle

Question 1

name the main stages of the built environment lifecycle

Answer 1

1. extraction of raw materials
2. manufacturing
3. construction
4. use and maintenance
5. demolition
6. disposal, recycling, or reuse of components

Question 2

advantages of raw material extraction

Answer 2

• provides jobs in local economy
• generation of revenue for local economy (leads to better services locally)

Question 3

disadvantages of raw material extraction

Answer 3

• damage to landscape
• pollution (chemical, noise)
• destruction of habitats
• production of greenhouse gases

Question 4

how is oil and gas extracted

Answer 4

• deposits of natural oil, made from fossilised remains of ancient biomass, exist under the ground.
• they are extracted by drilling into the earth in a method called fracking

Question 5

what is forestry

Answer 5

• a renewable rescource from trees in forests, rainforests, and other areas
• sustainable forestry involves planting a tree for every treethat is cut down

Question 6

what is quarrying

Answer 6

• the process of removing rock, sand, gravel, and mineral ore to use them for construction
• the main extracted minerals in the uk are known as aggregates, and these are used to mix with cement and water to make concrete

Question 7

what is mining

Answer 7

• the excavation of large amount of waster rock by tunneling into the earths surface
• copper, aluminium, clay, limestone, granite are extracted this way

Question 8

decribe the manufacture process of wood

Answer 8

• wood is cut into boards and “seasoned” to remove excess moisture

Question 9

what are engineered wood products (EWP) and what are they used for

Answer 9

• man-made timber which is available in a wide range on sized and shapes
• flooring and wall cladding
• structural sections
• trussed rafters

Question 10

what is steel used for

Answer 10

• structural framework (beams and columns)
• cladding
• fixings
• fastenings
• lintels, purlins, rails

Question 11

what is copper used for

Answer 11

• electric cables
• water & gas pipes

Question 12

what is wood used for

Answer 12

• structural framework
• decoration

Question 13

what is plastic used for

Answer 13

• water pipes (PVC)
• windows and doors (uPVC)
• wall cladding (PVC OR uPVC)

Question 14

what is crushed rock used for

Answer 14

• gravel used for concrete and road construction
• aggregate used to strengthen concrete and providde drainage
• hardcore used to raise levels, fill holes, and creare a firm base for construction

Question 15

what is clay used for

Answer 15

• bricks
• roof tiles

Question 16

what is cement used for

Answer 16

• binding material
• found in concrete and mortar

Question 17

what is mortar used for

Answer 17

• to bind together bricks or stones

Question 18

what is maintenance of buildings

Answer 18

• used to prevent and repair decay, deterioration and damage caused by various means so that a building remains safe and operates efficiently

Question 19

types of maintenance

Answer 19

• planned
• cyclical
• emergency

Question 20

what is planned maintenance

Answer 20

• regular
• in order to keep eveything working or to extend the life of a building

Question 21

what is cyclical maintenance

Answer 21

• regular
• involves the replacement of the buildings elements

Question 22

what is emergency maintenance

Answer 22

• used when there is a error which poses safety hazards

Question 23

what is demolition

Answer 23

the destruction of a building when it is at the end of its lifecycle
materials are recycled, reused, or disposed of
land is reused for new constructions

Question 24

how is demolition dangerous

Answer 24

there may be hazardous materials such as asbestos
there are lots of falling materials
lots of dust

Question 25

what is done to reduce the risks in demoliton

Answer 25

a pre-demolition plan is established which must follow CDM regulations

Question 26

what must a predemoliton plan include the details of

Answer 26

• hazardous materials which need to be removed
• live utilites which need to be disconected
• locations of load bearing walls
• site conditions and constratints
• condition of exisiting structure
• proximity to a road or residence
• use of machinery or exposives
• how the requirements of the CDM regulations have been fullfilled

Question 27

what are the CDM regulations

Answer 27

“the demolition and dismantling of structures must be planned and carried out in a way that prevents danger, or if not possible, reduced danger as much as possible”

Question 28

what are the main steps in the process of demolition

Answer 28

• perimieter fence established
• live utilities disconnected
• hazardous materials removed
• non structural elements removed
• structral elements removed
• foundation removed

Question 29

which materials can be reused

Answer 29

• bricks
• stones
• floorboards and block floors
• steel beams

Question 30

which materials can be recycled

Answer 30

• timber
• aluminium
• copper
• glass
• plastic

Question 31

what are the benefits of reusing and recycling

Answer 31

• preservation of natural rescources
• creation of jobs
• recuction in use of landfill and creation of pollution

Question 32

how are broken slabs of concrete, stones, rubble, and ceramics recycled

Answer 32

broken down and used as hardcore in foundations