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Unit 1- Intro to A&P > 1.2- Studying Human Life > Flashcards

1.2- Studying Human Life Flashcards

1
Q

A subdivision of microanatomy that focuses on the study of body tissues: _

A

Histology

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2
Q

The study of the body’s structure - its parts and their relationships to one another: _

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

A subdivision of developmental anatomy that studies developmental changes that occur before birth: _

A

embryology

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4
Q

The principle of complementarity states that you cannot separate _ from _. One always determines and depends on the other.

A

Anatomy, Physiology

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5
Q

Medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of _ in _ around the year 1288.

A

Bologna, Italy

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6
Q

The study of the body’s function - how the body parts work and carry out their activities: _

A

Physiology

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7
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye is called _ anatomy.

A

gross, microscopic

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8
Q

Determine whether each of the following examples would be classified as structure or function

  1. The fragile windpipe does not easily collapse because it is well supported by cartilagenous rings.
  2. The trachea has rings made of cartilage all along its length.
  3. The sternum and rib cage are made of strong, sturdy bone
  4. The thoracic cage protects the delicate heart and lungs from external trauma.
  5. The simultaneous contraction of several layers of smooth muscle in the stomach wall helps churn food as it is being digested
  6. The stomach walls are made of multiple layers of smooth muscle, each of which runs at a different angle
A
  1. Function
  2. Structure
  3. Structure
  4. Function
  5. Function
  6. Structure
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9
Q

_ anatomy is one appraoch to studying gross anatomy in which you study all the structures in a particular area of the body (e.g., all the bones, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the shoulder).

A

Regional

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10
Q

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

A

Systemic

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11
Q

A subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the kidneys (e.g., the mechanism of urine production): _ physiology

A

Renal

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12
Q

Electrical currents are used to help one part of the body communicate with another; Blood pressure is essential in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells; Muscles use bones to produce movement. These are all examples of how the principles of _ are part of the foundation of human physiology.

A

physics

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13
Q

_physiology is a subdivision of physiology that focuses on the inner workings of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

A

Neuro, Neuro-

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14
Q

A subdivision of microanatomy that focuses on the study of cells: _

A

Cytology

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15
Q

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

A

Systemic

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16
Q

The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the _ reactions that go on within its _.

A

chemical, cells

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17
Q

You are not crushed by air pressure outside your body because the pressures exerted from within your body are _ to the pressures being exerted from the outside.

A

equal to

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18
Q

Our body temperature is 37*C because that number provides the optimal balance between protection from fungal species invasion and the costs of of extra food consumption.

A

True

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19
Q

If you get too cold, your blood vessels will _ and you’ll shiver to warm up.

A

contract

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20
Q

When the body burns fuel to produce energy, it begins with substances reactants whose atoms are rearranged into different substances called products, one of which is energy in the form of heat. Classify the following substances as reactants or products:

  1. glucose
  2. oxygen
  3. carbon dioxide
  4. water
  5. energy
A
  1. reactant
  2. reactant
  3. product
  4. product
  5. product
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21
Q

As body temperature drops below _ * Celsius (98.6* F), metabolic reactions become slower and slower, and eventually stop.

A

37

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22
Q

_ provides the environment necessary for chemical reactions to take place in the body.

A

water

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23
Q

When body temperature is too high, chemical reactions happen too _.

A

fast

24
Q

Chemical reactions that release energy from food require _.

A

oxygen

25
Q

When we breathe in, our diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, _ the volume of our thoracic cavity, which causes air from the outside to rush inward.

A

increasing, expanding

26
Q

You are not crushed by air pressure outside your body because the pressures exerted from within your body are pushing back against the pressures being exerted from the outside.

A

true

27
Q

The human body’s survival needs include which of the following?

a. normal atmospheric pressure
b. normal body temperature
c. oxygen
d. water
e. growth
f. nutrients
g. reproduction
h. excretion

A

a,b,c,d,f

28
Q

The activity of the _ system generates most of the body heat.

A

muscular

29
Q

The study of the structural changes that occur throughout the lifetime: _ anatomy

A

developmental

30
Q

The subdivisions of physiology consider the specific organ systems at the cellular and molecular level.

A

true

31
Q

_ anatomy is an approach to studying gross anatomy in which you study one body system at a time (e.g., the heart and all the blood vessels throughout the entire body).

A

systemic

32
Q

Breaking down more complex cellular structures into simpler ones is called _.

A

catabolism

33
Q

Most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine.

A

false (most absorbed in small intestine)

34
Q

Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that take place under which of the following categories? (Check all that apply.)

a. anabolic (building new substances)
b. cellular respiration (using oxygen and nutrients to make ATP)
c. catabolic (breaking substances down)

A

a,b,c

35
Q

The process of removing wastes is called _.

A

excretion

36
Q

Decide whether each of the following would qualify as muscle movement:
1. food moving through the digestive tract

  1. performing bicep curls at the gym
  2. the heart pumping blood throughout the body
  3. the blood vessels expanding and contracting to help regulate body temperature
  4. urine being expelled from the body by the bladder
  5. the brain sending a nerve impulse down the spinal cord
A
  1. yes
  2. yes
  3. yes
  4. yes
  5. yes
  6. no
37
Q

If constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive activities, growth will occur.

A

True

38
Q

The digestive system’s role in metabolism is to provide _, which may be broken down to produce energy.

A

nutrients

39
Q

The respiratory system helps us get rid of excess carbon dioxide in the blood by increasing the rate at which we _.

A

exhale, inhale, breathe.

40
Q

Your brain senses that your blood sugar has fallen too low and signals you to eat. This is an example of the body’s _.

A

responsiveness, excitability

41
Q

The cardiovascular system’s role in metabolism is to provide _ for nutrients and oxygen.

A

delivery, transportation

42
Q

Living things must maintain boundaries between which of the following? (Select all the apply.)

a. one body cavity and another
b. organs and body cavity walls
c. the outside of the body and the inside of the body as whole
d. intracellular and extracellular compartments

A

a,b,c,d

43
Q

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body is called _.

A

atmospheric pressure, air pressure

44
Q

The body’s abilities ultimately depends on the _ reactions that go on within its _.

A

chemical, cells

45
Q

The respiratory system’s role in metabolism is to provide _ , which is required for many for chemical reactions.

A

oxygen

46
Q

The respiratory system helps us get rid of excess carbon dioxide in the blood by increasing the rate at which we _.

A

breathe

47
Q

Someone with a “fast metabolism” burns calories from food at a higher rate than someone with a “slow metabolism.”

A

True

48
Q

Reproduction occurs and both the cellular and whole-person levels.

A

True

49
Q

Growth only results when there is an increase in the number of cells an organism has.

A

false

50
Q

The digestive system’s role in metabolism is to provide _, which may be broken down to produce energy.

A

nutrients

51
Q

Solid waste is produced and excreted from the body by the _ system while liquid waste and excess water is eliminated by the _ system.

A

digestive, urinary

52
Q

For growth to occur, catabolic activities have to outpace anabolic activities.

A

false

53
Q

The process of removing wastes is called _.

A

excretion

54
Q

The knee jerk reflex that occurs when your patellar tendon is tapped is an example of _.

A

responsiveness

55
Q

The higher our internal body temperature, the more food we would have to eat in order to maintain it.

A

true

56
Q

Heart attacks are the most common cause of death in people who have gone without sufficient food for a long period of time.

A

true

57
Q

Medical students first began to receive training in anatomy at the University of _ in _ around the year 1288.

A

Bologna, Italy

Unit 1- Intro to A&P (2 decks)

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