1.2 Structure and Replication of DNA

Question 1

3’-5’

Answer 1

strand of nucleic acid running from a sugar to a phosphate

Question 2

adenine (A)

Answer 2

DNA base that pairs with thymine

Question 3

amplification of DNA

Answer 3

the production of multiple copies of a sequence of DNA; repeated copying of a piece of DNA

Question 4

antiparallel

Answer 4

parallel strands in DNA that run in opposite directions in terms of chemical polarity

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

adenosine triphosphate; molecule used for energy transfer in cells

Question 6

base

Answer 6

nitrogenous substance that is a component of DNA nucleotides

Question 7

cytosine (C)

Answer 7

DNA base that pairs with guanine

Question 8

deoxyribose

Answer 8

pentose sugar that is a component of DNA molecules

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that holds the genetic code in living organisms

Question 10

DNA polymerase

Answer 10

enzyme that adds free nucleotides during DNA replication

Question 11

double helix

Answer 11

three-dimensional shape of a DNA molecule

Question 12

fragments

Answer 12

replicated sequences of the lagging strand which are later joined by ligase

Question 13

gel electrophoresis

Answer 13

laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA or proteins according to molecular size

Question 14

guanine (G)

Answer 14

DNA base that pairs with cytosine

Question 15

heat-tolerant DNA polymerase

Answer 15

enzyme from hot-spring bacteria, using in PCR

Question 16

hydrogen bond

Answer 16

weak chemical link joining complementary base pairs in DNA

Question 17

lagging strand

Answer 17

DNA strand that is replicated in fragments

Question 18

leading strand

Answer 18

DNA strand that is replicated continuously

Question 19

ligase

Answer 19

enzyme that joins DNA fragments

Question 20

nucleotide

Answer 20

component of DNA consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a base

Question 21

phosphate

Answer 21

component of a DNA nucleotide

Question 22

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 22

method of amplifying sequences of DNA in vitro

Question 23

primer

Answer 23

short complementary strand of DNA

Question 24

replication

Answer 24

formation of copies of DNA molecules

Question 25

sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 25

strongly bonded strand of DNA

Question 26

target sequences

Answer 26

complementary sequence of bases on the 3’ end of DNA to which primer attaches

Question 27

template strand

Answer 27

DNA strand on which a complementary copy is made

Question 28

thymine (T)

Answer 28

DNA base that pairs with adenine