1.2 Structure and Bonding Flashcards
Definition of Monatomic
Single atoms eg Noble Gases
Definition of Metallic Bonding
Electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal centres and delocalised electrons.
Definition of Covalent Molecular
Electrostatic force of attraction between 2 positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons.
What are the odd examples of covalent moleculars?
Sulfur S8
Phosphorus P4
Fullerene C60
What elements exist as covalent networks?
Boron, Silicon and Carbon.
Definition of Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions.
Definition of Pure Covalent Bonds
Pure covalent bonds exist between atoms with the same electronegativity.
Definition of Polar Covalent
Two nuclei unequally attracted to the same pair of shared electrons. Atoms with a higher electronegativity has a greater attraction to the bonding electrons. Bonding electrons are pulled closer to the atom.
Definition of polar molecules
Polar molecules have a permanent dipole as the dipoles in the molecule do not cancel out.
Definition of non-polar molecules
Non-polar molecules dipoles cancel out.
What are the 3 types of Van der Waals (intermolecular bonds)?
London Dispersion Forces.
Permanent dipole - Permanent dipole Attractions.
Hydrogen Bonds.
As you go down, strength increases.
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)
Electrons move about within atoms, creating slightly positive and negative charges in an atom. This creates a temporary dipole.
Bigger elements = more electrons = stronger dipoles
