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A-Level Biology - AQA > ✅12 - Respiration > Flashcards

✅12 - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

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2
Q

What are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Both produce ATP

Both involve glycolysis

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3
Q

What does glycolysis make?

A

Pyruvate from glucose

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4
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is used to turn glucose into glucose phosphate?

A

ATP

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6
Q

What is used to turn glucose phosphate into hexose bisphosphate?

A

ATP

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7
Q

What is used to turn 2x triose phosphate into 2x pyruvate?

A

4ADP + 4Pi and 2NAD

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8
Q

How are the pyruvate moved into the mitochondria?

A

By active transport

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9
Q

What is hexose bisphosphate split into?

A

2x triose phosphate

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10
Q

Which process occurs in anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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11
Q

What do animals/bacteria produce in anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactate

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12
Q

What do plants/yeast produce in anareobic respiration?

A

Ethanol

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13
Q

Which coenzyme is used in the link reaction?

A

Co enzyme A

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14
Q

How much ATP is formed in the link reaction?

A

None

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15
Q

What is pyruvate converted to in the link reaction?

A

Acetate

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16
Q

What does acetyl coA go into?

A

The Krebs cycle

17
Q

What does acetyl coA combine with?

A

4C oxoloacetate

18
Q

What is formed from acetyl coA and oxoloacetate?

A

6C citrate

19
Q

What is used to turn the 6C compound into the 5C compound?

A

NAD

20
Q

What is the process of turning the 6C into the 5C called?

A

Decarboxylation

21
Q

What is used to turn the 5C compound into a 4C compound?

A

2x NAD, ADP + Pi, FAD

22
Q

How is ATP produced in the Krebs cycle?

A

By the direct transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate compound to ADP

23
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

When a phosphate group is directly transferred from one molecule to another

24
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

In the intermembrane space of the mitochondria

25
Q

How is ATP created in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

By protons moving through ATP synthase channels

26
Q

What is the final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

27
Q

How many ATP are produced in respiration?

A

38

28
Q

What do the protons move down to enter the matrix?

A

An electrochemical gradient

A-Level Biology - AQA (22 decks)

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