✅12 - Respiration Flashcards
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic and Anaerobic
What are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Both produce ATP
Both involve glycolysis
What does glycolysis make?
Pyruvate from glucose
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What is used to turn glucose into glucose phosphate?
ATP
What is used to turn glucose phosphate into triose-phosphate?
ATP
What is used to turn 2x triose phosphate into 2x pyruvate?
4ADP + 4Pi and 2NAD
How are the pyruvate moved into the mitochondria?
By active transport
What is phosphorylated glucose split into?
2x triose phosphate
Which process occurs in anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What do animals/bacteria produce in anaerobic respiration?
Lactate
What do plants/yeast produce in anareobic respiration?
Ethanol
Which coenzyme is used in the link reaction?
Co enzyme A
How much ATP is formed in the link reaction?
None
What is pyruvate converted to in the link reaction?
Acetate
What does acetyl coA go into?
The Krebs cycle
What does acetyl coA combine with?
4C molecule
What is formed from acetyl coA and 4c molecule?
6C molecule
What is used to turn the 6C compound into the 5C compound?
NAD
What is the process of turning the 6C into the 5C called?
Decarboxylation
What is used to turn the 5C compound into a 4C compound?
2x NAD, ADP + Pi, FAD
How is ATP produced in the Krebs cycle?
By the direct transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate compound to ADP
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
When a phosphate group is directly transferred from one molecule to another
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
In the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
How is ATP created in oxidative phosphorylation?
By protons moving through ATP synthase channels
What is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen
How many ATP are produced in respiration?
38
What do the protons move down to enter the matrix?
An electrochemical gradient
What must prefix respiration
Aerobic or Anaerobic
How is pyruvate converted to acetate
It is oxidised producing reduced NAD in the process
How is acetyl coenzyme A produced
Acetate combines with CoA
What sort of reactions convert the 6C molecule to the 4C molecule
Oxidation-reduction reactions through substrate level phosphorylation
Glycolysis word perfect (4)
Phosphorylation of glucose using ATP;
(Phosphorylated glucose splits into 2 triose phosphate)
Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate;
NAD reduced in the process;
Net gain of 2 ATP;
Equation for anaerobic respiration (plants / yeast)
Glucose + Reduced NAD —> Ethanol + CO2 + NAD
Equation for anaerobic respiration (animals)
Glucose + Reduced NAD —> Lactate + NAD
