✅12 - Respiration

Question 1

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 1

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 2

What are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Both produce ATP

Both involve glycolysis

Question 3

What does glycolysis make?

Answer 3

Pyruvate from glucose

Question 4

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 4

In the cytoplasm

Question 5

What is used to turn glucose into glucose phosphate?

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

What is used to turn glucose phosphate into triose-phosphate?

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

What is used to turn 2x triose phosphate into 2x pyruvate?

Answer 7

4ADP + 4Pi and 2NAD

Question 8

How are the pyruvate moved into the mitochondria?

Answer 8

By active transport

Question 9

What is phosphorylated glucose split into?

Answer 9

2x triose phosphate

Question 10

Which process occurs in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

What do animals/bacteria produce in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Lactate

Question 12

What do plants/yeast produce in anareobic respiration?

Answer 12

Ethanol

Question 13

Which coenzyme is used in the link reaction?

Answer 13

Co enzyme A

Question 14

How much ATP is formed in the link reaction?

Answer 14

None

Question 15

What is pyruvate converted to in the link reaction?

Answer 15

Acetate

Question 16

What does acetyl coA go into?

Answer 16

The Krebs cycle

Question 17

What does acetyl coA combine with?

Answer 17

4C molecule

Question 18

What is formed from acetyl coA and 4c molecule?

Answer 18

6C molecule

Question 19

What is used to turn the 6C compound into the 5C compound?

Answer 19

NAD

Question 20

What is the process of turning the 6C into the 5C called?

Answer 20

Decarboxylation

Question 21

What is used to turn the 5C compound into a 4C compound?

Answer 21

2x NAD, ADP + Pi, FAD

Question 22

How is ATP produced in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 22

By the direct transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate compound to ADP

Question 23

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 23

When a phosphate group is directly transferred from one molecule to another

Question 24

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 24

In the intermembrane space of the mitochondria

Question 25

How is ATP created in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 25

By protons moving through ATP synthase channels

Question 26

What is the final electron acceptor?

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

How many ATP are produced in respiration?

Answer 27

38

Question 28

What do the protons move down to enter the matrix?

Answer 28

An electrochemical gradient

Question 29

What must prefix respiration

Answer 29

Aerobic or Anaerobic

Question 30

How is pyruvate converted to acetate

Answer 30

It is oxidised producing reduced NAD in the process

Question 31

How is acetyl coenzyme A produced

Answer 31

Acetate combines with CoA

Question 32

What sort of reactions convert the 6C molecule to the 4C molecule

Answer 32

Oxidation-reduction reactions through substrate level phosphorylation

Question 33

Glycolysis word perfect (4)

Answer 33

Phosphorylation of glucose using ATP;

(Phosphorylated glucose splits into 2 triose phosphate)

Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate;

NAD reduced in the process;

Net gain of 2 ATP;

Question 34

Equation for anaerobic respiration (plants / yeast)

Answer 34

Glucose + Reduced NAD —> Ethanol + CO2 + NAD

Question 35

Equation for anaerobic respiration (animals)

Answer 35

Glucose + Reduced NAD —> Lactate + NAD