12 Quantum and Nuclear Physics Flashcards
(25 cards)
How much Energy converts to a mass of 1u?
=> using E=mc^2 m=1u E = 1u x c^2 =1.6605402 x 10^-27 x (3.0 x 10^8)^2J = 1.49239 x 10^-10J
How to calculate mass difference △m?
△m = Total mass (of reactants) - Total mass (of products)
How do you know if energy is released in a decay or any other reaction?
By calculating △m - If △m is positive - energy will be released and decay will occur -if △m is negative - reactants will not react and reaction can only occur if energy is supplied to reactants
The Unit of a Quantity of energy released is? How is it calculated?
Q = Quantity of energy released Q= △m x 931.5MeV
What form is of energy is Q released in?
Kinetic energy
What is transmutation of nitrogen?
something
Describe nuclear fusion.
Fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy.
Describe nuclear fission.
Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei
What happens during nuclear fission
- Splitting of heavy particles - Produce neutrons - Chain reactions are self-sustaining - for a reaction to continue, minimum mass is required.(critical mass) - Chain reactions are an induced process
What happens during nuclear fusion
- Joining two light nuclei into a heavier one with production of energy. - It’s used in energy production in nuclear power plants.
What is a Rutherford, Geiger and Masden experiment?
At Rutherford’s behest, Geiger and Marsden performed a series of experiments where they pointed a beam of alpha particles at a thin foil of metal and measured the scattering pattern by using a fluorescent screen.
How did the Rutherford, Geiger and Masden experiment prove the discovery of the nucleus.
This was deduced by measuring how an alpha particle beam is scattered when it strikes a thin metal foil.
What are elementary particles?
A particle is called elementary if its not made out of any smaller component particles.
What are the 3 classes of elementary particles:
- Quarks e.g.(up, down, bottom, strange,…) 2. Leptons e.g. (electron, electron neutrino, muon, …) 3. Exchange particles e.g.(
What are the 6 types of quarks?
- up (u) (2/3) 4. bottom (b) (-1/3) 2. charm (c) (2/3) 5. strange (s) (-1/3) 3. top (t) (2/3) 6. down (d) (-1/3)
What are anti-particles of quarks?
They are particles that have the same mass but their properties are opposite. (They equal each other out in terms of charge). These are shown by putting a bar, like this _, on top of the letter like so, ū,…
Which two ways are used to form hadrons.
- Baryon - combination of 3 quarks. 2. Meson - combination of quark and anti-quark
Protons are baryons made up of?
3 quarks (u, u, d)
Neutrons are baryons made up of?
3 quarks (u, d, d)
What is a baryon number?
The baryon number is a description of properties of quarks.
How is the baryon used?
Each quark has a baryon number, B. That is +1/3 for each quark and -1/3 for each anti-quark. This is used to calculate the baryon number of hadrons, add the baryon numbers of the quarks in the hadron. e.g. Cut = +1/3+1/3+1/3 = +1 Ud = +1/3-1/3 = 0
What baryon number do baryons and anti baryons have?
Baryons = +1 Anti-Baryons = -1
What baryon number do mesons have?
Mesons = 0 Because Mesons = anti-quark + quark
What are the six types of Leptons?
Name Charge electron e^- -e electron neutrino V˅e 0 muon μ^- -e muon neutrino V˅μ 0 tau τ^- -e tau neutrino V˅τ 0
