1.2 proteins Flashcards
alternative RNA splicing
removal of non-coding inions form a primary mRNA transcript to leave only the coding axons; several different mature transcripts can be produced from a single primary trancript
ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
a network of membrane tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane
exon
section of RNA usually retained during splicing
glycoprotein
a protein with a carbohydrate added by post-translational modification
Golgi apparatus
a series of flattened membrane discs the package proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination
hydrolyses
a class of enzyme that use water to break chemical bonds
intron
a section of RNA usually removed during splicing
lysosome
a modified Golgi vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes
non-coding RNA gene
a gene that codes for RNA’s other than messenger RNA, so they do not code for a protein
phospholipid
component of cell membrane
post-translational modification
addition of different chemical groups to, or modification of, a protein to allow for a particular function
proteolytic cleavage
a major form of post-translational modification; it occurs when a protein cleaves one or more bonds in a target protein to activate, inhibit or destroy the proteins activity
proteome
the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome; it is much larger than the genome
RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
organelle made up of membrane with ribosomes attached
signal sequence
a short stretch of amino acids at one end of the polypeptide that determines its eventual location in a cell
SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)
a membrane organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; its main function are to synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones