1.2: Progress In Education

Question 1

Key features of the Topeka Brown Case

Answer 1

In 1945 Oliver Brown took the city of Topeka in Kansas to court as they had forced his daughter to attend school from a long way away instead of attending nearby white schools.

The NAACP and 4 other supported the case. In 1954 the Supreme Court declared that all segregated schools were illegal as seperate meant unequal (key turning point for civil rights)

Question 2

When was the Brown V Topeka case

Answer 2

Oliver brown took the city to courts in 1952

In 1954 the Supreme court declared segregated schools illegal.

Question 3

Short term Significance of the Brown V Topeka case

Answer 3

Brown rulings overturned 1896 Plessy V Ferguson decision (Jim Crow laws)

White backlash and KKK intervention increased - threats towards black students and teachers and desegregated schools

Southern states found ways to avoid complying with the court rulings

Question 4

Long term signifiance of Brown V Topeka

Answer 4

Awareness of civil rights upissues in the Southern states increased

Rulings insprired many black Americans and desegregation campaigns

White Americans moved out of areas where black Americans lived to avoid desegregation

Question 5

When Was little Rock High school

Answer 5

3 September 1957

Question 6

Significance of Little Rock High School

Answer 6

Widespread news coverage of events notified the shocking attitudes to black Americans

After 1957 there was continued resistance to integration. Many schools closed then desegregate

First black students graduated in 1958. White students refused to sit with him.

10 years later children attending integrated schools faced violence

Question 7

Events of Little Rock High School

Answer 7

Brown case led to schools boards agreeing the desegregation of Little Rock High School in 3 September 1957.

The NACCP organised new black students to attend there (only 9 came from the accepted 25)

Governor orval Faubus sent 250 state troopers to surround the school when the Little Rock Nine arrived in order to ‘keep the peace’. However, this blocked their entrance.

Elizabeth Eckfird was targeted and racially abused after she did not arrive with the group.

District judges and courts for the NACCP challenged Faubus to withdraw state troopers

24 September Eisenhower sent 1000 federal troops through a presidential order (he knew Congress would disapprove of intervention) in order to ensure the saftey of the black students.

Federal troops replaced by National guardsmen after a month who stayed there for a year