1.2 : Performance Charcateristics Of Materials Flashcards
What is a staple fibre?
Short length fibre. E.g. cotton, wool, flax
Staple fibres are typically shorter in length compared to continuous filament fibres.
What is a continuous filament fibre?
A long fibre (metres long). E.g. silk
Continuous filament fibres are often used in high-quality textiles.
Define mono filament.
Single thread
Mono filaments are often used in fishing lines and sewing threads.
Define multi-filament.
Using a number of filaments twisted together
Multi-filament yarns provide greater flexibility and softness.
What is spinning?
The process of twisting fibres together to make a yarn
Spinning is a crucial step in yarn production.
What happens as long filaments leave the spinneret?
They are passed through a stream of cold air that solidifies them, before being drawn out to 3 or 4 times their original length
This process is essential for creating strong and durable yarns.
What is single yarn?
Has staple fibres or filament fibres twisted together to make one single yarn
Single yarns are the basic building blocks of textiles.
What is ply yarn?
Made by twisting single yarns together
Ply yarns enhance strength and texture.
What does ‘twist’ refer to in yarns?
The level of twisting in the yarn
Twist affects the yarn’s strength and texture.
What is the difference between tex and denier?
Tex ~ weight (grams) per 1000m of yarn; Denier ~ weight (grams) per km
Both are measures of yarn thickness and weight.
What is core-spun yarn?
Multi-component yarns where one component (the core) is at the centre and covered by other fibres
Core-spun yarns can enhance durability and functionality.
What is a common method for creating a core yarn?
Twisting a sheath of fibres around a core made from a different fibre
This method allows for diverse yarn characteristics.
What are fancy yarns?
Yarns that give texture and interesting effects to fabrics, with irregularities added to the length
Fancy yarns are often used in decorative textiles.
What are textured yarns made from?
Synthetic filament fibres
Textured yarns have improved insulation and moisture-wicking properties.
Fill in the blank: Textured yarns can trap _______.
Air
Trapping air contributes to the insulating properties of textured yarns.
Why are textured yarns considered to have better moisture-wicking properties?
Filaments can no longer lie next to each other, creating fine tubes
These tubes allow for better moisture management in fabrics.
What are knitted fabrics?
Knitted fabrics consist of yarns looped together in a variety of ways.
What are weft knits?
Weft knits are made when one yarn travels the width of the fabric.
What are warp knits?
Warp knits are made when many separate yarns are interlaced sideways.
What is hand knitting?
Hand knitting is weft knitting to make individual garments, sometimes using traditional patterns.
What is funky fashioned knitting?
Funky fashioned knitting involves garment parts that are weft knitted to the exact shape and size required, and stitched tighter to make the garment.
What are the characteristics of weft knitting?
Weft knitting involves the production of loops horizontally, using a single length of yarn that interlocks with loops above and below. It can be machine or hand produced.
What are some types of weft knit fabrics?
Types of weft knit fabrics include single jersey, double jersey, rib knits, silver knits, and jacquard knits.
What are the characteristics of warp knitting?
Warp knitting interlocks vertically along the length of fabric and contains separate yarns that are interlaced sideways.
What are some types of warp knit fabrics?
Types of warp knit fabrics include tricots, locknit, knitted velour, Raschel knits, and knitted lace fabrics.
What are some new technologies using knitting?
New technologies include 3D knitting for seamless products, CAD/CAM for design, eco-friendly knitted fabric, and medical applications like finely knitted heart valves and ligaments.
What are the types of natural fibres?
Cellulose fibres and Protein fibres.
What are examples of cellulose fibres?
Cotton, Linen, and Ramie.
What are examples of protein fibres?
Silk, Wool, Angora, and Cashmere.
Where is cotton grown?
Cotton is grown in tropical climates.
What is the structure of cotton?
Cotton has a round-cross section with no gaps, making it a poor insulator.
What happens to cotton seeds as they ripen?
The seeds, called ‘bolls’, become covered with cotton fibres, burst, and become cotton wool.
What happens to cotton as it matures?
Cotton cures out and then flattens.
Does cotton have lustre?
No, cotton does not have a lustre.
What are examples of cotton products?
Calico, Terry towelling, Muslin, Flannel, Voile, and Winceyette.
