12-Over-reactions of the Immune System Flashcards
Which Ab does the Ag bind to in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions (T1-HSR)?
IgE
Which lymphocyte is the IgE on in T1-HSR’s?
Mast cells
When the Ag binds to the IgE on mast cells, what happens?
The mast cell degranulates.
What binds to the surface of the cells in the T2-HSR’s?
Small molecules that change their structure
What binds to the small molecules in T2HSR’s?
Ab’s (typically IgG)
What are the things that float around in the blood in T3-HSR’s?
Small immune complexes of Ag-Ab’s.
What do the immune complexes do in T3HSR’s?
they activate the complement and damages various tissues.
What are produced in T4-HSR’s?
Ag-specific effector T cells
What do the specific effector T cells do in T4-HSR’s?
They bind to foreign epitopes and results in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction
What are the main mediators that cause the clinical Sx in T1-HSR’s?
Mast cell granule products- histamine, heparin, ECA, prostaglandins
Which mediator in T1-HSR’s is the most important for the Sx experienced by the reaction?
Histamine- it causes the inflammatory effect.
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with Goodpastures syndrome.
T2HSR. R-mediated inflammation of kidney –> nephritis
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with myasthenia gravis
T2HSR. Ab inhibits NmAchR –> muscle weakness.
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with Graves disease
T2HSR. Ab stimulates TSH receptors –> hyperthyroidism
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with autoimmune hymolytic anemia
T2HSR. Opsonization and phagocytosis of RBC’s –> anemia.
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with Blood typing
T2HSR. u wana get tha right type o’ blood ya heear
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
T2HSR. Opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets –> decrease platelets –> bleeding
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with systemic lupus erythematosus
T3HSR. Complexes deposit on cells –> kill DNA and other nucleoproteins –> nephritis, arthritis, and vasculitis
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with rheumatoid arthritis
T3HSR. Ab complexes settle in the joints –> inflammation of synovium and erosion of cartilage and bone
What is the rheumatoid factor?
It’s an autoantibody that reacts against the Fc portion of IgG, which complex and travel to the joints to
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with type 1 diabetes
T4HSR. CD8 T cells react against islet cells or insulin –> diabeeeetus
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with multiple sclerosis
T4HSR. T cell attack of myelin –> demyelination –> weakness and blurred vision.
Give the mechanism and type of HSR that occurs with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
T cell attack of thyroid –> hypothyroidism
What is immunologic tolerance?
It’s when the immune system doesnt attack a non-self Ag
Why would tolerance induction be good for treatments?
It would be good for treatments for transplanted organs, allergy sufferers, etc.
