1.2 Organelles Flashcards
Cytoplasm Structure, Function and Location
GELATINE LIKE FLUID
CONTAINS SALTS, MINERALS, ORGANIC MOLECULES, ENZYMES. LOCATION FOR CERTAIN REACTIONS. SURROUNDS THE ORGANELLES.
THROUGHOUT THE CELL, INSIDE THE CELL MEMBRANE.
What is the protoplasm?
ALL SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE CELL (CYTOPLASM + NUCLEUS)
What are chromosomes?
GENETIC MATERIAL LOCATED WITHIN THE NUCLEUS
Plasma (cell) Membrane Structure and Function
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER.
SEPARATES THE INTERNAL CONTENTS OF THE CELL FROM THE OUTSIDE, PROVIDES STRUCTURE AND PROTECTION FOR THE CELL, CONTROLS MOVEMENT OF MOST MATERIALS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL. (SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE)
What are organelles?
ORGANELLES ARE STRUCTURES
FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS THAT HAVE
DIFFERENT JOBS WITHIN THE CELL, SOME ORGANELLES ARE
FOUND IN BOTH PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLS BUT SOME
ARE ONLY IN ONE.
Nucleus structure, function, and location
SURROUNDED BY A DOUBLE MEMBRANE WITH NUCLEAR PORES
INVOLVED IN CELL REPLICATION CONTAINS DNA.
UNCOILED CHROMOSOMES ARE REFERRED TO AS CHROMATIN.
CENTER OF THE CELL IN ANIMAL CELLS.
Nucleolus structure, function and location
COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AND RNA
FORMS RIBOSOMES AND RIBOSOMAL RNA AND DNA
CENTER OF THE NUCLEUS
Mitochondrion structure, function and location
BOUND BY A DOUBLE MEMBRANE, CRISTAE ARE THE FOLDS OF THE INNER, MEMBRANE TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA, THE MATRIX IS THE INNER PART HAS DNA
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL (CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCURS HERE TO RELEASE ENERGY (ATP) FOR THE CELL)
IF FAT IS USED AS A SOURCE FOR ENERGY, IT IS DIGESTED HERE.
FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM
Free ribosomes structure, function and location
80S RIBOSOMES ARE LARGER (20 UM DIAMETER) THAN PROKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES. NO MEMBRANE. 2 PARTS.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (EX. ENZYMES)
FLOATING FREE IN CYTOPLASM. APPEAR AS DARK GRANULES.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) structure, function and location
SERIES OF FLATTENED MEMBRANE-BOUND SACS CALLED CISTERNAE.
INTRACELLULAR PATH ALONG WHICH MOLECULES MOVE FROM ONE PART OF THE CELL TO ANOTHER.
OFTEN CONNECTED TO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND CLOSE TO THE CELL MEMBRANE
What is the difference between “Rough ER” and “Smooth ER”
ROUGH ER: STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES; IT MAKES & TRANSPORTS PROTEINS BY VESICLES TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS FOR MODIFICATION BEFORE SECRETION OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.
SMOOTH ER: NO RIBOSOMES; IT MAKES & TRANSPORTS LIPIDS (WE ARE NOT STUDYING THIS STRUCTURE)
Golgi Apparatus structure, function and location
FLATTENED MEMBRANE SACS CALLED CISTERNAE. NO ATTACHED RIBOSOMES.
STORES, MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTEINS FROM THE RER. PACKAGED IN VESICLES FOR SECRETION OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.
CLOSE TO CELL MEMBRANE
Vesicles structure, function and location
A SINGLE MEMBRANE WITH FLUID INSIDE. VERY SMALL
USED TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS INSIDE THE CELL.
THROUGHOUT THE CYTOPLASM
Lysosomes structure, function and location
SPHERICAL WITH A SINGLE MEMBRANE. FORMED FROM GOLGI VESICLES.
CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THAT BREAK DOWN FOOD, DAMAGED ORGANELLES, AND THE CELL ITSELF.
FOUND IN CYTOPLASM HIGH CONCENTRATION
Vacuoles structures, functions and locations
SINGLE MEMBRANE CONTAINING FLUID
STORAGE CONTAINER FOR WATER, FOOD,
ENZYMES, WASTES, PIGMENTS, ETC.
LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE USUALLY IN THE CENTER OF PLANT CELLS, MANY SMALLER VACUOLES IN CYTOPLASM OF ANIMAL CELLS
Cytoskeleton structure, function and location
NETWORK OF THIN FIBROUS PARTS INCLUDING MICROFILAMENTS (THREADS MADE OF ACTIN) AND MICROTUBULES (HOLLOW TUBES)
SUPPORT FOR ORGANELLES AND MAINTAINS CELL SHAPE.
THROUGHOUT THE CELL
Microtubules structure, function and location
ROD-LIKE, HOLLOW PROTEIN TUBES
HELP IN CELL DIVISION. MAKE UP THE FLAGELLA.
PART OF THE CYTOSKELETON IN CYTOPLASM
Centrioles structure, function and location
2 SHORT, CYLINDRICAL TUBES
NINE SETS OF THREE MICROTUBULES
AID IN CELL DIVISION AND INVOLVED IN FORMATION OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA
NEAR THE POLES (ENDS OF THE ANIMAL CELL) NOT FOUND IN VASCULAR PLANTS OR FUNGI
Flagellum (Flagella) structure, function and location
TAIL-LIKE FLEXIBLE PROJECTION CONTAINING MICROTUBULES
USED FOR MOVEMENT OF THE CELL
ATTACHED TO CELL
MEMBRANE. *ANIMAL CELLS ONLY
Cilia structure, function and location
SHORT, CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS THAT CONTAIN MICROTUBULES
BEAT TO CREATE MOVEMENT FOR THE CELL OR TO PROPEL FOOD INTO AN ORGANISM
FOUND AROUND OUTSIDE OF CELL MEMBRANE. *ANIMAL CELLS ONLY.
Organelles found in animal cells
Plasma membrane, mitochondrion, centriole, vacuole, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, lysosomes, nucleus ; (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear pores), ribosomes, golgi complex, microfilaments, microtubules
Plastids structure, function and location
SPHERICAL SHAPE. 3 TYPES IN PLANT CELLS
CHLOROPLASTS –(NEXT CARD)
CHROMOPLASTS – SYNTHESIZE AND STORE
PIGMENTS.
LEUCOPLASTS – STORE STARCHES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
Chloroplasts structure, function and location
DISC SHAPED WITH A DOUBLE MEMBRANE. INSIDE ARE STACKS OF THYLAKOIDS (FLATTENED MEMBRANE DISCS), CONTAINS THE GREEN PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL
SITE OF GLUCOSE PRODUCTION DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CYTOPLASM OF MOST PLANT CELLS
Cell wall structure, function and location
RIGID, PROTECTIVE BARRIER MADE OF CELLULOSE
ADDS STRENGTH AND STRUCTURE TO THE CELL. PERMEABLE, AND HARD TO DIGEST (LASTS A LONG TIME)
SURROUNDS THE CELL MEMBRANE IN PLANT CELLS, FUNGI, SOME PROTISTS, AND SOME BACTERIAL CELLS
Animal cells VS. Plant cells
Animal cells are very similar to plant cells except for the following major differences:
Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, Animal cells are not surrounded by cell walls, The vacuoles in plants are much larger than those of
animals, Centrioles are in animal cells but not plant cells, Could also compare their shape
