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Germany History > 1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Nazi Dictatorship > Flashcards

1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Nazi Dictatorship Flashcards

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1
Q

When did it become impossible to oppose the Nazis in the Reichstag?

A

August 1933

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2
Q

What did opposition parties like KPD, SPD and trade unions do in the early 1930s?

A

printed and distributed pamphlets and literature

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3
Q

What is an example of printed opposition in the early 1930s?

A

Red Shock Troop newspaper (SPD)
3000 members

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4
Q

What happened to the Red Shock Troop?

A

leaders arrested and sent to concentration camps December 1933

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5
Q

Why had opposition groups stopped printing by 1938?

A

became extremely easy to trace publications
moved to word of mouth only

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6
Q

What happened after Germany invaded the USSR?

A

communist groups revived

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7
Q

What is an example of a communist group that revived?

A

Red Orchestra
government workers who passed the Allies information

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8
Q

How did workers sabotage production?

A

lightning strikes eg. 1936 workers who built autobahns
worked slowly
damaged product
reported in sick

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9
Q

What act of passive rebellion did people do?

A

not give the Nazi salute when officials present

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10
Q

What was the response to workers’ sabotage?

A

overlooked as workers in high demand
BUT if too successful Gestapo would arrest eg. Anti-Fascist Workers’ Group 1944

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11
Q

How did sabotage escalate during WW2?

A

Allies aid - able to blow up bridges/railways

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12
Q

How did young, usually middle class people rebel?

A

did not join Hitler Youth
listened to swing and jazz music
dressed in Western fashions

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13
Q

What happened to the young people who rebelled after 1940?

A

went underground
only arrested occasionally

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14
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

young working class people, actively anti-Nazi

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15
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do?

A

varied by area
wore own uniform, hiking, camping
painted anti-Nazi slogans, collected and distributed leaflets dropped by Allies
worked with resistance group

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16
Q

What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates if caught?

A

executed

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17
Q

Who was the White Rose Group?

A

University of Munich students

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18
Q

What did the White Rose Group do?

A

distributed material urging sabotage, exposing murder of Jews, urged non-violent resistance

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19
Q

What happened to the White Rose Group?

A

The leaders Hans and Sophie Scholl and Probst were beheaded 22 February 1943

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20
Q

How many known attempts to assassinate Hitler were there July 1921 - July 1944?

A

15

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21
Q

How many assassination attempts were there after 1939 and who carried them out?

A

7 all by army members / groups led by army

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22
Q

What changed for the army in 1934?

A

had to swear the oath to Hitler, not Germany

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23
Q

What happened if you were caught plotting to assassinate Hitler?

A

immediate execution and an investigation to find all others involved

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24
Q

What was the most serious assassination attempt on Hitler?

A

July Plot of 1944 by Lieutenant von Stauffenberg

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25
Q

What happened in the July Plot of 1944?

A

Lieutenant von Stauffenberg left a bomb in a conference room where Hitler was
4 people died but Hitler only had minor injuries

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26
Q

What happened after the July Plot of 1944?

A

200 people executed

27
Q

What agreement did Hitler make with the Catholic Church?

A

Concordat with the Pope

28
Q

What did the Nazis do to influence religion?

A

developed the ‘People’s Church’
became more celebrating Nazism that Christianity eg. displayed Nazi banners

29
Q

What church was formed in response to condemn the Nazis and when?

A

Confessing Church
May 1934

30
Q

What happened to members of the Confessing Church?

A

arrested and executed
Pastor Niemoller (a founder) sent to a concentration camp

31
Q

Which Bishops were imprisoned for speaking out against the Nazis and when?

A

Meiser and Wurm
October 1934

32
Q

What happened after Bishops Meiser and Wurm were imprisoned?

A

public outcry and protests
led to them being released

33
Q

What happened before Germany was going to invade Czechoslovakia?

A

military processions
the public was unenthusiastic

34
Q

What did the public reaction to the plan to invade Czechoslovakia mean happened?

A

Czechoslovakia not invaded
an agreement with Chamberlain at Munich Conference instead

35
Q

When did Goebbels take over all radio stations?

A

25 March 1933

36
Q

What did Goebbels do once in control of all radio stations?

A

purged them of Jews, those married to Jews, communists and socialists

37
Q

What did Goebbels do to spread the Nazi message by radio?

A

made cheap radios available
eg. ‘People’s Receivers’ for 35 or 72 marks
and only 2 marks per month to cover broadcasting
limited range - only receive German broadcasts

38
Q

What happened to newspapers after 4 October 1933?

A

editor would be held responsible for anything published harmful to Germany
Reich Association compiled a list of ‘accredited’ journalists - not jewish/politically unstable

39
Q

How many newspapers and readers were there in December 1933?

A

86 newspapers with over 3 million readers

40
Q

What did the state-owned press agency set up in December 1933 do?

A

set stories allowed to be published
very detailed guidelines

41
Q

When and why was the first concentration camp established?

A

1933 - Oranienburg, Russia
hold political prisoners

42
Q

How many prisoners were there in concentration camps for political crimes?

A

over 500,000

43
Q

When was the Gestapo set up?

A

1933 by Goering

44
Q

What was the Gestapo?

A

secret police
with own independent legal system - acted as judge, jury and executioner
hunt out threats to Nazis eg. untermenschen
tackle resistance

45
Q

How did the Gestapo operate?

A

through fear
wore no uniform

46
Q

What was the SS?

A

elite bodyguard
ran concentration camps

47
Q

How many members did the SS have when they started versus in 1936?

A

240 initial members
240,000 1936

48
Q

When was the People’s Court set up?

A

1934

49
Q

What did the People’s Court do?

A

tried accused traitors of the Third Reich
private trials
impossible to appeal the verdict

50
Q

How many people had passed through the People’s Court by 1945?

A

10,000s

51
Q

Who monitored the people in their specified areas for all infringements of rules?

A

Nazi Party Officials and Bloc Wardens

52
Q

What did Nazi propaganda usually feature?

A

simple messages eg. ‘Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer’
negative images of Jews, stereotyped with hooked noses

53
Q

What did the report of Hitler’s appointment as chancellor look seem like?

A

huge cheering processions chanting Sieg Heil!

54
Q

In 1939 what proportion of the population owned a radio?

A

over 70%

55
Q

How were mothers rewarded?

A

1000 mark loan on marriage - repayment reduced by 250 marks per child
regular pregnancy check-ups and vitamins
medals for more than 4 children

56
Q

How were workers rewarded?

A

Strength Through Joy ran activities and holidays (filled with Nazi propaganda)
heavily subsidised by government - extremely cheap or free

57
Q

Why were the Nazis popular with people with shared prejudices?

A

policies against undesirables

58
Q

Why were the Nazis popular with wealthy industrialists?

A

banning KPD and trade unions

59
Q

Why were the Nazis popular with the middle class?

A

savings had value again

60
Q

Why were the Nazis popular with those who applied to ‘Germanise’ an area?

A

given homes and farmland

61
Q

Why were the Nazis popular with nationalistic people?

A

seen as reversing the Treaty of Versailles and asserting Germany’s power

62
Q

How was WW2 initially received by the public?

A

lukewarm reaction

63
Q

How did the Nazis retain support during the war?

A

Fuhrer myth

64
Q

When did support for WW2 fall?

A

when living conditions deteriorated and bombing destroyed cities

Germany History (20 decks)

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