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AQA A-Level Biology > 1.2 Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

1.2 Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

What components make up a nucleotide?

A
  • pentose sugar
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogenous organic base
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4
Q

What pentose sugar is a part of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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5
Q

What pentose sugar is a part of RNA?

A

Ribose

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6
Q

What is DNA’s main function?

A

To carry genetic information

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7
Q

What are the roles of RNA?

A
  • to transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
  • to make ribosomes
  • protein synthesis
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8
Q

A

A

Adenine

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9
Q

T

A

Thymine

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10
Q

G

A

Guanine

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11
Q

C

A

Cytosine

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12
Q

Which nitrogenous base does not appear in RNA?

A

Thymine

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13
Q

What is thymine replaced by in RNA?

A

Uracil

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14
Q

How are the components in a nucleotide joined together?

A

Through condensation reactions

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15
Q

What bonds form between nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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16
Q

Where do phosphodiester bonds occur?

A

Between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of another nucleotide

17
Q

What bond forms between the bases?

A

Hydrogen bonds

18
Q

Complementary base pair rule

A
  • Adenine and Thymine (Uracil)

- Guanine and Cytosine

19
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?

A

2

20
Q

How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine?

A

3

21
Q

Which bases are purines?

A

Adenine

Guanine

22
Q

Which bases are pyrimidines?

A

Thymine

Cytosine

23
Q

Describe the structure of DNA.

A
  • DNA forms a double helix
  • 2 long polynucleotide chains
  • sugar phosphate backbone linked by phosphodiester bonds
  • bases link chains together
  • bases linked by hydrogen bonds
24
Q

Describe the structure of RNA.

A
  • RNA molecules are generally shorter
  • single stranded
  • Uracil

AQA A-Level Biology (10 decks)

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