1.2. November Revolution Flashcards
What happened at Kiel on 3 November 1918?
The sailors mutinied, raised the red flag of rebellion and established democratic revolutionary committees
Why did Kiel mutiny?
Refused an October order that wanted to German navy to go down fighting
Who became Chancellor in October 1918?
Prince Max Von Baden
What were the October reforms?
Army controlled by civilian government
Chancellor responsible to Reichstag
Constitutional monarchy
What was the stab in the back myth?
That the civilian government had meekly surrendered to the allies, betraying the German people
Why is the stab in the back myth false?
Ceasefire agreed on September 29th, before October reforms
Germany would have been obliterated if it tried to fight on
What sparked the springing up of ‘soviets’ across Germany?
Kiel revolution
What happened on October 8th?
Toppling of the Bavarian monarchy
What did the SPD do on November 9th?
Called a general strike for the Kaiser’s abdication
Why did Prince Max have no choice but to agree to the toppling of the Kaiser?
Needed SPD support in the Reichstag
When the Kaiser refused abdication, what did Prince Max do?
Released a press statement declaring the Kaiser’s abdication before it was agreed
What did General Groener tell the Kaiser?
That he had lost support of the army
What did Prince Max do on November 9th after declaring the Kaiser’s abdication?
Resigned as Chancellor
Who took over from Prince Max as Chancellor?
Friedrich Ebert
Who stood on the Reichstag balcony to declare the German Republic?
Phillip Scheidemann (later Chancellor who signed the Treaty of Versailles) (SPD)
