1.2. Neron Cytology Flashcards
What forms the external boundary of the neuronal cell body?
The cell membrane (or plasma membrane).
What is the composition of the cell membrane, and what proteins are embedded in it?
The cell membrane is a double layer of lipid-molecules about 6-8 nm thick. It contains proteins such as ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors.
What does the cell membrane separate, and what does the cell interior contain?
The cell membrane separates the extracellular space from the cell interior, which contains the cytoplasm.
Function of the ER
Responsible for protein transport, with rough endoplasmic reticulum involved in protein synthesis.
Function of the Nissl Substance
Granules of rough endoplasmic reticulum and rosettes of free ribosomes, primarily involved in protein synthesis for intracellular use.
Function of the Golgi Apparatus
Modifies proteins, packages them in vesicles, and transports them to different cell locations.
Function of Lysosomes
Small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes for waste disposal, degrading material endocytosed from outside or inside the cell.
Function of the Mitochondria
Spherical structures with a double membrane, containing enzymes for cellular respiration and energy production.
What is the cytoskeleton, and what are its components?
The cytoskeleton is the main determinant of the neuron’s shape, consisting of microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfilaments. Microtubules are made of alpha and beta-tubulin and are essential for development and maintenance. Neurofilaments are abundant in the axon, and microfilaments, composed of actin monomers, are important for growth cone motility and synaptic specialization.
How does the cytoplasmic composition differ in the soma, dendrites, and axon?
In the soma and dendrites, Nissl granules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, neurofilaments, microfilaments, and microtubules are present. In the axon, Golgi apparatus and Nissl granules
