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Computing > 1.2 Memory and Storage > Flashcards

1.2 Memory and Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Primary storage

A

RAM and ROM, holds data and instructions which the CPU can access more easily and quickly than from secondary storage.

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2
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory. Volatile and read/write. Is a temporary store for instructions and data currently in use.

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3
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory. Non-volatile and read only. Stores the instructions for starting up the computer, BIOS tests and loading the operating system into RAM.

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4
Q

Virtual memory

A

Using part of the hard disk as if it were RAM. It allows more applications to be open than RAM can store.

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5
Q

Secondary storage

A

Permanent storage of instructions and data not in use by the processor. Stores the operating system, applications and data not in use. Read/write and non-volatile.

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6
Q

Optical storage

A

CD/R, CD/RW, DVD/R, DVD/RW. Used to store music, films and archive files. Low capacity, slow access speed, high portability, low cost and prone to scratches.

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7
Q

Magnetic storage

A

Hard disk drive. Stores operating system and applications. High capacity, medium data access speed, low portability, reliable but not durable and low cost.

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8
Q

Solid state storage

A

Memory cards and solid state hard drive. Used in digital cameras and smart phones. Medium capacity, high portability, reliable and durable, no moving parts, fast access speeds and high cost.

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9
Q

Storage capacity

A

The amount of data a storage device is able to store.

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10
Q

Storage speed

A

The read/write access speed of a storage device.

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11
Q

Storage portability

A

How easy it is to transport a given storage medium.

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12
Q

Storage durability

A

How resistant to damage and wear and tear a storage device is. Devices with low durability will wear out easily over time.

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13
Q

Storage reliability

A

How likely a storage device is to correctly write, read, delete and modify data.

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14
Q

Storage cost

A

The relative price of a storage device.

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15
Q

Bit

A

The smallest unit of storage in a computer system, represented either by a binary 1 or 0.

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16
Q

Nibble

A

Half a byte or 4 bits.

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17
Q

Byte

A

8 bits.

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18
Q

Kilobyte

A

1000 (1024) bytes.

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19
Q

Megabyte

A

1000 (1024) kilobytes.

20
Q

Gigabyte

A

1000 (1024) megabytes.

21
Q

Terabyte

A

1000 (1024) gigabytes.

22
Q

Petabyte

A

1000 (1024) terabytes.

23
Q

Denary

A

A numerical system of notation that uses 10 as its base. The 10 decimal base digits are 0-9.

24
Q

Binary

A

A numerical system in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1.

25
Q

Binary arithmetic

A

The process of adding two or more positive 8 bit binary numbers.

26
Q

Overflow

A

A number that’s too large to be represented by the device meant to store it.

27
Q

Hexadecimal

A

A numerical system that uses 16 rather than 10 as its base.

28
Q

Binary shifts

A

Allows you to easily multiply and divide binary numbers. A left shift multiplies by 2 and a right shift divides by 2.

29
Q

Character set

A

A set of symbols that may be represented by a computer. These symbols, called characters, can be letters, digits, spaces or punctuation marks, the set includes control characters.

30
Q

ASCII

A

America Standard Code for Information Interchange. A character set used for early telecommunication systems. ASCII codes use 7 bits. Extended ASCII uses 8 bits.

31
Q

Unicode

A

Standard character set that replaces the need for all different character sets. It incorporates characters from almost all the world’s languages, including emojis. It is a 16-bit extension of ASCII.

32
Q

Pixel

A

A pixel is the smallest unit of a bitmap image, it is represented by a square on a compute monitor display screen.

33
Q

Metadata

A

Data about data.

34
Q

Colour depth

A

Also known as bit depth. Th number of bits used to indicate the colour of a single pixel.

35
Q

Resolution

A

The number of pixels contained on a display monitor, expressed in terms of the number of pixels on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.

36
Q

Image quality

A

The overall detail of the image, affected by colour depth and resolution.

37
Q

Image file size

A

The file size of an image. Calculated by: colour depth x image height x image width.

38
Q

Sample rate

A

The number of samples taken per second, measured in Hertz.

39
Q

Sample duration

A

How may seconds of audio the sound file contains.

40
Q

Sample bit depth

A

The number of bits used to store each sample.

41
Q

Playback quality

A

The finished quality of the digital sound file, affected by the sample rate and bit depth.

42
Q

Sound file size

A

The overall size of a sound file, calculated by: sample rate x duration x bit depth.

43
Q

Compression

A

Reducing the size of a file.

44
Q

Lossy compression

A

Reducing file size by losing data irreversibly in parts of a file that are least noticeable.

45
Q

Lossless compression

A

Reducing the file size but no data is lost, the original file can be accessed.

Computing (5 decks)

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