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Anatomy > 1.2 Level of Body Organization and Body Systems > Flashcards

1.2 Level of Body Organization and Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 levels of organization?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and and organismal

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2
Q

cells

A

structures composed of chemicals and are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

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3
Q

tissues

A

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

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5
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands

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6
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissue

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7
Q

muscular tissue

A

contracts (shortens) to make body parts move and generates heat in the process

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8
Q

nervous tissue

A

carries information from one part of the body to another

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9
Q

organs

A

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

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10
Q

system

A

consists of related organs with a common function

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11
Q

organism

A

any living individual

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12
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A

skin and structures associated with it (hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, and subcutaneous tissue)

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13
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, detects sensations, stores fat, and provides insulation

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14
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A

bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilage

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15
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

supports and protects the body, provides a surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movement, houses cells that produce blood cells, stores minerals and fats (lipids)

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16
Q

What are the components of the muscular system?

A

skeletal muscle tissue

17
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

participates in bringing about body movement, maintains posture, major source of heat production

18
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A

blood, heart, and blood vessels

19
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

the heart pumps blood through blood cells, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells and helps regulate acid-base, balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

20
Q

What are the components of the lymphoid (lymphatic) system and immunity?

A

lymphatic fluid (lymph plasma), lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses

21
Q

What are the functions of the lymphoid (lymphatic) system and immunity?

A

returns proteins and fluids to the blood, carries lipids from the digestive canal to the blood, contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

22
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (eyes and ears)

23
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interrupts the change, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

24
Q

What are the components of the endocrine system?

A

hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs

25
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A

lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes within the lungs

26
Q

What are the components of the digestive system?

A

organs of the digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestion processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

27
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

28
Q

What are the components of the genital (reproductive) system?

A

gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) - associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and clitoris in females and epididymides, seminal glands, prostate, ductus deferences, and penis in males)

29
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A

regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target gland

30
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

transfers oxygen from inhaled air to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to exhaled air; helps regulate the acid-base balance of body fluids; produces sound (voice) as outgoing air vibrates the vocal cords

31
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

32
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains the body’s mineral balance; helps regulate the production of red blood cells

33
Q

What are the functions of the genital (reproductive) systems?

A

gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk

Anatomy (5 decks)

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