12. Intelligence and Creativity Flashcards
Simon-Binet
Stanford-Binet
Weschler Tests
Ravens Progressive Matrices
The birth of the IQ test! It started out as a way to need the French government’s need to assess learning disabilities in children.
Then someone at Stanford University wanted to measure intelligence so people brag about their smartness.
Weschler Tests are another way of measuring intelligence. There’s less of a dependence on cultural bias, but it’s still there. Participants had tasks like “make a narrative out of four pictures!”
Ravens Progressive Matrices attempt to eschew cultural bias altogether. Interestingly, people with autistic disorder do just as well on this test as most people.
How do you define intelligence?
A fundamental faculty, the lack or alteration of which is of the utmost importance of everyday life.
IT’S A CIRCULAR DEFINITION I DON’T LIKE IT
Spearman
A man who introduced the two-factor theory. And factor analysis.
He thinks intelligence is composed of a general g and specific s. General intelligence can be taken to specifics, and specific s is specialized knowledge.
He also thinks g is mental energy, or like mental resources.
Fluid intelligence vs crystallized intelligence
Crystallized intelligence is knowledge that you accumulate over time. It’s continually building.
Fluid intelligence is your adaptability, your ability to think on the spot.
General Intelligence g
Spearman’s idea. He likens it to an ability to adapt to circumstances, fluid intelligence, mental energy, and the ability to draw out relationships from a situation.
Is Working Memory the same as g?
Nope. They’re different things, man. There’s more in the textbook, but you’re beginning to burn out.
Something about distractor tasks and filling the working memory with garbage, and seeing how people perform.
Garlick’s neural plasticity idea
The idea that neural plasticity is the idea underlying g. No need for “mental energy” or that jazz.
The ability for an organism to adapt to its environment.
What’s the contention around g?
There’s a buuunch of theories. Spearman started it, Baddeley noticed it’s similar to his work, Garlick says it’s related to neural plasticity, and there’s another guy, Kanazawa.
The Flynn effect
IQ scores are increasing over time! Why? Who knows. There are some possibilities:
RISE IN EDUCATION: We’re spending more time in school now.
RISE IN NUTRITION: Especially ‘round WWII, when there were rations and people had to be smart wrt what they eat.
RISE IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY
We have TV now! And iphones! And who knows how much stimulus they afford us.
Gardner’s theory of intelligence
He thought that intelligence is composed of twelve things. His theory didn’t last long. But he had a couple signs that implied something! Below are the three most interesting.
Symbol systems, prodigies, and developmental history.
Symbol system
An idea under Gardner - the different ways we communicate, under different intelligences.
e.g. you can communicate feelings with words, poetry, a piece of music. You could create a map with verbal directions, or with a literal map.
Prodigies
Sternberg noticed that prodigies crop up in specific places, and usually not in others. Why chess specifically? Why music specifically?
Developmental history.
Something about people with certain intelligences often have a specific history to get to where they are.
Sternberg’s intellectual components
The theory that language involves three main things: Metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge acquisition.
Metacomponents are responsible for planning, monitoring, and decision-making
Performance components are responsible for acquisition
Knowledge acquisition is responsible for just that; putting memory into long-term storage.
You just learned today how to utilize your knowledge-acquisition device!
Your thoughts on intellectual components
You can utilize all three when you attempt an engineering problem!
Metacomponents, you would do at the beginning of CIVE. Plan out your solution.
Performance components is your ability to do algebra, and
Knowledge acquisition is your ability to learn that some solutions are better solved in ertain ways than others.
