1.2 How and why do populations change naturally?

Question 1

Advantages of the DTM?

Answer 1

Offers a good description of general trends, provides a basis for comparison between countries, has provided a starting point for more sophisticated models, predictive- predicts that an ultimate decline in fertility will occur

Question 2

Disadvantages of the DTM?

Answer 2

Migration is not included therefore it does not predict total population numbers,internal inequalities are not considered,religion and culture is not explained by the model.

Question 3

Profile of Sierra Leone

Answer 3

Crude birth rate: 38 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate: 5 Life Expectancy: 41 Infant Mortality: 165 Crude Death Rate: 15

Question 4

Profile of Egypt

Answer 4

Crude birth rate:24 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate:3 Life Expectancy:73 Infant Mortality:24 Crude Death Rate:5

Question 5

Profile of Brazil

Answer 5

Crude birth rate:15 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate:2 Life Expectancy:73 Infant Mortality:20 Crude Death Rate:6

Question 6

Profile of Germany

Answer 6

Crude birth rate: 8 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate:1 Life Expectancy:81 Infant Mortality:3 Crude Death Rate:10

Question 7

Profile of China

Answer 7

Crude birth rate:12 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate:1.5 Life Expectancy:73 Infant Mortality:16 Crude Death Rate:7

Question 8

Profile of the UK

Answer 8

Crude birth rate :12 per 1000 Total Fertility Rate: 1.9 Life Expectancy: 81 Infant Mortality:4 Crude Death Rate: 8 per thousand

Question 9

The DTM

Question 10

Stage 2

Answer 10

High fertility rates as children are needed to help on the farm, children are needed as a pension, children are needed as a healthcare service, more children are needed to replace those who die young (high infant mortality rate). In Burkino Faso in West Africa a woman would need to have 10 children to have a 95% chance of a surviving son).Contraception is not widely available, contraception is not culturally accepted, a mans status is indicated by how mny children he has, polygamy is practiced.In Senegal, for example, nearly 47 per cent of marriages are said to feature multiple women. AIDS- 91% of the worlds HIV positive children live in Africa. Lack of medical care and access to medical care, poor living conditions, drought,famine war.

Question 11

Stage 3

Answer 11

Have lower total fertility rates due to the establishment of medical centres with health checks and vaccinations against malaria and diarrhoea. Increased mechanisation, economy diversifies into services. Increased material possesion. Coontraceeptive advice is available at health centres. Education is more affordable with fewer children in the family. Total population of India is 1.2 billion, in Kerala, fertility has dropped from 7 to 3 due the steralisation of women, health care, contraceptive advice, 90% literacy rate, establishment of t/u’s to argue for workers rights, minimum wage. Medical advancement, improvements in food production.

Question 12

Stage 4 and 5

Answer 12

The baby boomers of (1946-1954) have reached pension age: by 2021 20% of the population of the UK will be pensioners-dont have babies, infant mortality is low, babies dont need replacing, introduction of the Pill and other contraceptives since the 1960s, legalised abortions 1967, women and careers, same sex marriages, the cost of raising a child until their 21st birthday is £186,032, children do not need to provide for the family, pronatal policies and fertility treatments on the NHS. Lifestyle, obesity, STIs.