1.2 Fundamental Cloud Concepts

Question 1

Define total cost of ownership (TCO).

Answer 1

A comprehensive assessment of all layers within the infrastructure and other associated costs across the business over time. Includes acquiring hardware and software, management and support, communications, and user expenses, and the cost of service downtime, training, and other productivity losses.

Question 2

Define capital expenditures (CapEx).

Answer 2

Upfront business expenses put toward fixed assets. Organizations buy these items once, and they benefit their business for years.

Question 3

Define operating expenses (OpEx).

Answer 3

Recurring costs for a more immediate benefit. This represents the day-to-day expenses to run a business

Question 4

Define IP address.

Answer 4

The IP stands for Internet Protocol, and this address is a series of numbers that can identify a network or the location of a particular device on a network.

Question 5

Define internet service provider (ISP).

Answer 5

A rich ecosystem of companies and local providers build a global infrastructure that provides businesses and people around the world with the best possible internet experience. ISPs provide access to the internet to both personal and business customers, handling the traffic between the customer and the internet as a whole.

Question 6

Define domain name.

Answer 6

An easy-to-remember name that maps directly to an IP address or set of IP addresses on the internet. It’s the unique name that appears after the @ sign in email addresses and after www. in web addresses.

Question 7

Define domain name server (DNS).

Answer 7

A DNS server stores a database of domain names mapped to IP addresses that can be queried and used by computers to communicate with each other. This system is like the phone book of the web.

Question 8

Define regions.

Answer 8

Independent geographic areas where Google Cloud resources are deployed, composed of zones.

Question 9

Define zones.

Answer 9

A geographic area where Google Cloud resources are deployed.

Question 10

Define fiber optic.

Answer 10

Contain one or more optical fibers, which are thin strands made of glass or plastic. These fibers are used to transmit data as pulses of light over long distances.

Question 11

Define subsea cables.

Answer 11

Subsea fiber-optic cables carry 99% of international network traffic.

Question 12

Define edge.

Answer 12

The place where a device, or an organization’s network, connects to the internet. It’s called the “edge” because this is the entry point to the network.

Question 13

Define edge network.

Answer 13

How we connect with ISPs to get traffic to and from users. It’s made up of network infrastructure that organizations can hand off traffic to based on user needs, performance, and cost.

Question 14

Define data centers.

Answer 14

Google owns and operates data centers all over the world. In these Google data centers, products like Search, Gmail, YouTube, and Google Cloud are run for people and organizations around the world, 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Question 15

Define latency.

Answer 15

he time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. Often measured in milliseconds, latency, sometimes called lag, describes delays in communication over a network.

The amount of time it takes for data to travel from one point to another

Measured in milliseconds

Describes delays in communication over a network

Question 16

Define bandwidth.

Answer 16

A measure of how much data a network can transfer in a given time.

A measure of how much data a network can transfer in a given amount of time

Measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps)

Higher bandwidth allows a computer to download information more quickly

Question 17

Explain how an organization’s transition from an on-premises environment to the cloud shifts its capital expenditures (CapEx) to operational expenditures (OpEx) and how that affects its total cost of ownership (TCO).

Answer 17

Data centers require a huge CapEx investment up front as organizations purchase space, equipment, and software and hire a workforce to run and maintain everything. Forecasting is based on a metric such as historic growth to determine the needs for the next month, quarter, year, or even multiple years.

Moving to cloud’s on-demand OpEx model enables organizations to pay only for what they use and only when they use it. Budgeting is no longer a one-time operational process completed annually. Instead, spending must be monitored and controlled on an ongoing basis due to the dynamic nature of cloud use within organizations.

Question 18

Identify when multicloud infrastructure best applies to business use cases.

Answer 18

Best-in-class approach to cloud features

Scale, security, and agility to innovate fast

Advanced capabilities

Avoid vendor lock-in concerns

Question 19

Identify when hybrid infrastructure best applies to business use cases.

Answer 19

Freedom to innovate while still meeting legacy technology needs

Migrate at a pace that makes sense

Transform technical infrastructure over time

Ensure compliance with regional data governance, residency, or digital sovereignty requirements

Meet performance and latency requirements

Run select apps at the network edge

Question 20

Identify when private infrastructure best applies to business use cases.

Answer 20

Expand cloud computing capacity without increasing data center expenses

Reduce CapEx or general IT spending

Improve transparency

Question 21

Identify when any cloud infrastructures best apply to business use cases.

Answer 21

Wider choice of tools and developer talent

Better response to changing market demands

Distribute core workloads across multiple cloud and on-premise infrastructures.

Reduce downtime

Reduce concerns about over-dependence on a single source of failure.

Improves quality and availability of a service.

Question 22

Discuss how Google Cloud supports data centers connected by a fast, reliable network.

Answer 22

Provides exceptional user experience and high performance

Makes it easy to communicate and manage data globally

Can scale without needing to add hardware

Google responds to that request from an edge network location that will provide the lowest latency.

Question 23

Discuss how Google Cloud supports digital transformation with global infrastructure.

Answer 23

Network of fiber-optic cables that run on both land and sea.

Connects our data centers and points of presence

Owns and operates data centers all over the world

Based in five major geographic locations: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

Each of these locations is divided into several different regions and zones.

Some services support placing resources in a multi-region.