12 final

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

the promotion of one’s own nation and government regardless of moral considerations

Question 2

Communism

Answer 2

an economic system based upon public ownership and governmental control of the production and distribution of nearly all natural resources

Question 3

Bourgeois

Answer 3

according to Marxist philosophy, a member of the class of people who own capital or property

Question 4

Proletariat

Answer 4

according to Marxist philosophy, a member of the common working class

Question 5

Utopia

Answer 5

an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect

Question 6

Socialism

Answer 6

An economic system based upon collective ownership and control of many or most natural resources

Question 7

Karl Marx

Answer 7

is the Father of Communism. He wrote the book Das Kapital where he made it clear that while the economic progress made under a free market system is unsurpassed, he viewed capitalism as a necessary evil— a stepping stone between feudalism and his socialistic ideal. In 1848, Marx published The Communist Manifesto where he outlined classic Communist philosophy and described the steps he felt were needed to establish Communism worldwide.

Question 8

Governments can crush market economies and their traditional social and political orders by

Answer 8

• Confiscation of private property
• Restraint of economic competition
• Governmental monopolization of production and distribution
• Control of consumption through forced rationing
• Strict control or abolition of labor unions
• Nationalization of banking systems
• Governmental determination of wages

Question 9

failings of command economy

Answer 9

1. Lack of incentives for working people, including managers and supervisors
2. Shortage of skilled workers, technicians, and managers
3. Virtual exhaustion of many natural resources in European Russia
4. Obstruction of the economic structure caused by rigid, bureaucratic control
5. Difficulty deciding how to allocate scarce resources

Question 10

Marx said to achieve Communism

Answer 10

1. There must be violent political revolution in which the bourgeois would be overthrown
2. The nation would be strictly ruled by officials who would act on behalf of the people, “the dictatorship of the proletariat.”
3. The dictatorship of the proletariat would end when all opposition was destroyed