1.2 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
in biology, the smallest unit that can preform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and a cytoplasm
cell
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
cell wall
a complex sugar that most animals can’t digest
cellulose
what the cell walls of fungi are made of
chitin
the protective barrier that encloses a cell and separates the cell’s contents from the cell’s environment
cell membrane
web of proteins in the cytoplasm that acts as a muscle and skeleton
cytoskeleton
large organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s DNA
nucleus
dark area where the cell begins to make its ribosomes
nucleolus
cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
ribosome
a system of folded membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
endoplasmic reticulum
one of 20 different organic molecules that are used to make proteins
amino acids
in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration
mitochondrion
cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
golgi complex
a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell - moves materials in a cell
vesicle
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
lysosome
group of compounds that do not dissolve in water and control the materials in and out of the cell
lipids
a lipid that contains phosphorus, which forms the cell membrane
phospoholipids
“water fearing” which is what the ends of phospholipids are
hydrophobic
“water loving” which are what the phosphorus-containing lipid ends are
hydrophillic
organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis take place
chloroplasts
process by which plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen
photosynthesis
a green pigment which makes chloroplasts green, which traps the energy of sunlight, which is used to make sugar
chlorophyll
a large vesicle that stores digestive enzymes and aid in digestion within the cell in fungal cells. in other plant cells, they store water and other liquids
vacuole
