1.2 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

in biology, the smallest unit that can preform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and a cytoplasm

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

Answer 2

cell wall

Question 3

a complex sugar that most animals can’t digest

Answer 3

cellulose

Question 4

what the cell walls of fungi are made of

Answer 4

chitin

Question 5

the protective barrier that encloses a cell and separates the cell’s contents from the cell’s environment

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

web of proteins in the cytoplasm that acts as a muscle and skeleton

Answer 6

cytoskeleton

Question 7

large organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s DNA

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

dark area where the cell begins to make its ribosomes

Answer 8

nucleolus

Question 9

cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis

Answer 9

ribosome

Question 10

a system of folded membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

one of 20 different organic molecules that are used to make proteins

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration

Answer 12

mitochondrion

Question 13

cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell

Answer 13

golgi complex

Question 14

a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell - moves materials in a cell

Answer 14

vesicle

Question 15

a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Answer 15

lysosome

Question 16

group of compounds that do not dissolve in water and control the materials in and out of the cell

Answer 16

lipids

Question 17

a lipid that contains phosphorus, which forms the cell membrane

Answer 17

phospoholipids

Question 18

“water fearing” which is what the ends of phospholipids are

Answer 18

hydrophobic

Question 19

“water loving” which are what the phosphorus-containing lipid ends are

Answer 19

hydrophillic

Question 20

organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis take place

Answer 20

chloroplasts

Question 21

process by which plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen

Answer 21

photosynthesis

Question 22

a green pigment which makes chloroplasts green, which traps the energy of sunlight, which is used to make sugar

Answer 22

chlorophyll

Question 23

a large vesicle that stores digestive enzymes and aid in digestion within the cell in fungal cells. in other plant cells, they store water and other liquids

Answer 23

vacuole