1.2 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.

Answer 1

Cell Wall

Question 2

A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 2

Ribosome

Question 3

A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Answer 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

Answer 4

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell.

Answer 5

Golgi Complex

Question 6

A fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.

Answer 6

Vesicle

Question 7

A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Answer 7

Lysosome

Question 8

Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers across a broad range of disciplines within the life sciences.

Answer 8

Cell

Question 9

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β linked D-glucose units.

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

A fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides and forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Answer 11

Cell Membrane

Question 12

The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell’s parts. In addition, they provide a basis for movement and cell division.

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

Answer 14

Nuceolus

Question 15

The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. These amino acids are required in the diet.

Answer 15

Amino Acids

Question 16

In biology, lipids comprise a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g., lecithin.

Answer 17

Phospholipid

Question 18

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

Answer 18

Hydrophobic

Question 19

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.

Answer 19

Hydrophilic

Question 20

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Answer 20

Photosynthesis

Question 21

Chlorophyll is any of several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός, chloros and φύλλον, phyllon.

Answer 21

Chlorophyll

Question 22

A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

Answer 22

Vacuole

Question 23

The organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food.

Answer 23

Chloroplast