12 Digestive System IV: Accessory Organs Flashcards
List proportions of saliva contributed by each gland per day? (probably know proportions more than exact amounts)
- Submandibular: 600 ml
- Parotid: 300 ml
- Sublingual: 50 ml
- Minor glands: 50 ml
List 4 saliva functions?
- Moisten/lubricate
- Digest carbs (amylase)
- Antibacterial
- Reabsorb Na+ & excrete K+ (via ducts)
Glandular SEPTA are derived from?
Connective tissue capsule, a.k.a. “stroma”
Describe the look of a serous cell?
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- Secretory granules
- Pyramid shape, circular nucleus
- In acini
Describe the look of a mucous cell?
- Pale cytoplasm
- Secretory vesicles
- In tubules
Myoepithelial cells are locate where? contain what?
- surrounding secretory units & intercalated ducts
- actin/myosin
Intercalated ducts: what epithelium? What extra function?
- Low cuboidal
- Lysozyme & Lactoferrin (antimicrobials)
Striated/intralobular ducts: what epithelium? What extra function?
- Columnar
- Striations=infoldings w/ mitochondria making energy for HCO3 & K secretion, Na & Cl reabsorption to produce hypotonic saliva
-Interlobular ducts: what epithelium?
-Simple columnar
-Main excretory duct occurs when what type of ducts combine?
-Interlobular
Parotid gland: What ducts does it have? What proteins does it secrete?
- Striated (serous) and main excretory duct (near upper molars)
- alpha-amylase & proline-rich antimicrobials that also help bind Ca++ for tooth enamel
Submandibular gland: What ducts does it have? What proteins does it secrete?
- Striated (90% serous) and main excretory duct (via sublingual caruncle)
- alpha-amylase, proline-rich antimicrobials, & lysozyme
Sublingual gland: What ducts does it have? What
-Main excretory (90% mucous) (via sublingual caruncle)
the 3 main salivary glands are branched/unbranched & tubular/acinar?
- Parotid: branched acinar
- submandib: branched tubule-acinar
- subling: branched tubule-acinar
T/F pancreas is an endocrine gland?
True (islets of Langerhans)
-Note: pancreas is also serous exocrine
Pancreas is branched/unbranched tubular/acinar?
branched acinar (like parotid) w/ secretory granules
T/F pancreas has striated ducts?
F. Goes from intercalated ducts, right to non-striated INTERlobular duct, to main duct
Centro-acinar pancreas cells secrete what?
bicarb into duodenum
What cleaves trypsinogen?
enteropeptidase
What cleaves other gut proteases?
trypsin
Pancreas secretets what 5 proteins?
- Trypsinogen
- Chymotrypsinogen
- alpha-amylase (more than salivary glands)
- Lipase
- Deoxy & Ribonucleases
Pancreatitis is caused by?
zymogens are cleaved to activity while IN pancreas. usually due to stone/drugs/alcohol.
Duodenal S cells have what effect on pancreas?
Make “secretin” which activates centroacinar cells to make bicarb
Duodenal I cells have what effect on pancrease?
Make CCK which activates acinar cells to release zymogens. (note: also causes gallbladder contraction)
T/F porta hepatis contains hepatic veins?
F. Contains all other liver vessels though.
What surrounds liver vessels?
Stroma (also makes a capsule around the liver)
What does liver stroma eventually give way to?
Reticular fibers which support liver cells & sinusoids
Hepatocytes are rich in?
- Glycogen granules
- RER
T/F portal triads are in center of a liver lobule?
F. (Central vein is)
T/F Kupffers are on exterior of sinusoid?
F.
Blood passes from liver sinusoid into what? What is the blood then used for?
- Space of Disse
- Bathe hepatocyte MICROVILLI for nutrient exchange
T/F blood flow from both portal triad BLOOD vessels toward the central vein?
T
T/F Bile flow is toward center of a lobule?
F (toward periphery)
Bile canaliculi are surrounded by?
plasma membranes of 2 adjacent hepatocytes
Sphincter of Oddi function?
Control flow thru duodenal papilla (from bile duct)
T/F gallbladder adds mucous to bile?
T
Classify Gallbladder epithelium?
simple columnar w/ microvilli (w/ lots of folds)
T/F gallbladder has muscularis mucosa?
F. (has a broad sheet of smooth muscle which contracts to secrete bile)
