1.2 Digestion Flashcards
What is the role of the oesophagus?
Transportation
The muscular wall contracts in Perisystalsis and mucus is secreted
What is the role of the mouth in digestion?
Chemical and physical digestions
Saliva glands release amylase
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
Produces bile for pH balance and filters toxins
What is the role of the gallbladder?
To store bile
What is the role of the pancreas?
To release pancreatic juices and enzymes
What is the role of the stomach?
The muscular walls exclude enzymes the mucus protects the epithelium whilst hydrochloric acid destroys bacteria
What is the role of the duodenum?
Bile and pancreatic juices join to neutralise the hydrochloric acid before chyme enters the small intestine
What is the role of the small in testing?
This is where the absorption of soluble material occurs
Villi in the lining increases surface area
What is the role of the large intestine ?
To absorb water and salts
What is the monosaccharide?
A simple monomers sugar is the general formula (CH2O)n
What is the test for sugar?
Benedicts reagent
2 cm³ liquid sample
2 cm³ of reagent
80°C water bath for five minutes
What is the test for non-reducing sugar ?
2 cm³ liquid sample and 2 cm³ hydrochloric acid
80°C waterbath for three minutes
Add sodium hydrogen carbonate
2 cm³ reagent and and 80° waterbath for 5 mins
What is it polysaccharide ?
Multiple joined monosaccharide
Cellulose
Starch
What is the disaccharide?
Glucose + glucose = maltose
Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose
What is the test for starch?
And iodine drops to a sample
What is lactose intolerance?
The inability to produce lactose leading to bacteria colonies on the lactose. Gas build is due to bacteria respiration. Diarrhoea due to negative water potential
What is the bond that forms multiple chained saccharides?
It like glycosidic bond which produces water
What is the protein ?
Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids have a variable group carboxy group and amino group
What is the secondary structure of the protein ?
-C=O and NH+ groups form H bonds
The helix twists
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
Disulphide bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
What is the quaternary structure of a proteins?
Addition of non protein groups
Haemaglobin
What is the Test for proteins
Sample of solution and equal sodium hydroxide
Few drops of 0.05% CuSO4
What is an enzyme?
They’re catalysts which reduce activation energy
What is the lock and key model?
Only one substrate can only fit the active site as it is a unique and complementary. The active site is rigid.
What is induced fit?
The active site can change slightly to fit perfecting - it hugs the substrate.
What factors affect enzyme action?
All the products are formed
The substrate disappears
And the temperature is too high bonds break in the enzyme in the active site becomes denatured
PH changes and charges on the amino acids of the active site which breaks bonds
What is imbibition?
Competitive have similar complimentary shape to the active site to create a complex preventing substrate from doing so
non-competitive find a site other than the active site so it alters the active site shape
How do you calculate magnification?
Image/Actual size
