1.2 - Data, Sampling, and Variating in Data Sampling

Question 1

Quantitative data

Answer 1

Consist of numbers representing counts or measurements that can be ordered or ranked (numerical), e.g. age, height, number of siblings, etc.
Can be separated into two groups
- quantitative discrete
- quantitative continuous

Question 2

Quantitative discrete data

Answer 2

Assume values that can be counted; i.e. whole numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4…)
e.g. number of siblings

Question 3

Quantitative continuous data

Answer 3

Assume values that can be measured and represented using fractions/decimals, e.g. age, height, etc.

Question 4

Qualitative data

Answer 4

Consist of names or labels that do not represent counts or measurements (i.e. categorical), e.g. eye color, gender, religion, jersey number, etc.

Question 5

Random sample

Answer 5

A sample where members of the population are selected in such a way that each individual has an equal chance of being selected
- When we sample, the sample should have the same characteristics as the population it is representing

Question 6

Simple random sample

Answer 6

A sample where members of the population are selected in such a way that every group of size n has an equal chance of being selected

Question 7

Dot plot

Answer 7

Consists of a horizontal scale representing the data where each data value is plotted as a point (dot) along the scale. Points representing equal values are stacked vertically

Question 8

Stemplot/stem-and-leaf plot

Answer 8

Represents quantitative data by separating each value into two parts:
- the leaf: the rightmost digits
- the stem: the digit(s) to the left of the leaf
Data is organized in two columns where the first represents the stems and the second represents the associated leaves

Question 9

Pie chart

Answer 9

A graph that depicts qualitative data as slices of a circle where each slice is proportional to the number of values in that category

Question 10

Bar graph

Answer 10

A graph that uses bars of equal width to depict categories of data
- Categories are listed along a horizontal scale and the height of each bar is equal to the number of values in the category (the bars may or may not touch)

Question 11

Pareto chart

Answer 11

A bar graph in which the bars are arranged in descending height order