1.2 Clinical Safety Flashcards
What is standard precautions
The safest way to avoid infecting yourself or spreading infections from one patient to another is to assume that all patients and their bodily fluids are infectious
Hand hygiene of all the methods used to prevent infection handwashing is the most effective and therefore the most important. Handwashing must be performed correctly it at the right times to prevent and control the spread of infection when should you wash your hands?
if you know or can see that your hands are dirty or contaminated, before going home or on break, when entering a patient’s room or the draw lab before gloving, and after the procedure following glove removal.
In many clinical facilities what is available in patients rooms and hallways?
Hand sanitizer but it is never as effective as washing with soap and water hand sanitizer should be between 60% and 95% alcohol and should be ready between hands until completely dry in order to be effective
What are the steps to proper handwashing
Remove jewelry, watches, rings and other jewelry from the hands and wrists. Position your body close enough to keep hands under the faucet, but so that your body does not come into contact with the sink or counter. With both hands under running water that is warm as you can stand. Apply in lather so by rubbing hands together for at least 15 seconds. Rinse under the running water so that water runs from your wrist to your fingertips. Apply in leather soap for another 15 seconds. Using a clean paper towel dry hands. Turn off the faucet using another clean, dry paper towel.
Define personal protective equipment PPE
Acts as a barrier between the medical professional and the patient for protection of both typically, nonsterile latex or non-latex gloves are the only the only PPE worn during the venipunture
What does the PPE include
Gowns, facemask, or eyewear may be worn since gloves are generally the only personal protective equipment required for phlebotomy
Define infectious waste
Any piece of equipment that has been directly exposed to a patient’s blood could pose a risk of infection and therefore considered infectious waste this includes all needles, syringe us, and evacuated to use in the collection procedure.
Should you recap a used needle?
No! You should never recap a used needle or throw a shark piece of sharp equipment away in a normal trash bin. Doing so exposes you and others to the risk of infection
Is there a separate safety shield on every phlebotomy needle?
Yes, there is a separate safety shield on every phlebotomy needle that covers the sharp end to reduce the risk of needle stick the safety feature should be engaged as soon as the needle is no longer being used
What is a spillproof, hard sided container made of polypropylene plastic called?
Sharps container
What are sharks containers labeled with
Infectious waste for regulated medical waste and it will have the international biohazard symbol on them the official color of biohazard containers or notices are red
A patient in isolation is either at an increased risk of?
Infection, or poses an increased risk of infection to others
If a patient is in isolation what will you notice first?
There will be a clearly visible sign outside their room to alert visitors in staff of the risk and established infection prevention measures
If a patient is in isolation because he or she is highly contagious, all materials and equipment that are taken into the room should be?
Left in the room and disposed of in the proper provide containers.
If the patient’s condition requires healthcare workers to wear additional personal protective equipment to prevent infection where would this equipment be
It would be available immediately outside the patients door it should be put on before entering the patient’s room
Define infections
Can occur through direct contact through the air through the contact of bodily fluids and even indirectly through contact with a nonliving surface that has been contaminated called fomite
Example of strict complete Isolation and why
Patient has a contagious disease that can be spread via air or direct contact examples are Measels is staph infection
Example of droplet isolation And why
Patient has contagious disease that can be spread it via droplets of mucus examples pertussis and meningitis TB, Ebola
Examples of blood and bodily fluids precaution and why
Patient has an infection that may be transmitted via bodily fluids examples are HIV, hep C, and dysentery
Examples of respiratory isolation and Y
Patient has an infection that can be transmitted through exhaled particles examples are tuberculosis and whooping cough
Examples of contact isolation and why
Patient has an infection that can be spread it through direct contact examples are skin and wound infection
Example of reverse isolation and Why
If the patient is susceptible to infection examples are transplant patients immune compromised patients and burn victims
Who is the FDA food and drug administration
A federal agency that oversees the regulations of drugs and the claims made by pharmaceutical companies.
Who is the cdc Center for disease control and prevention
A federal agency under the department of health and human services that is responsible for monitoring occupational safety and help in providing education and standards for the public health
Who is OSHA occupational safety and health administration
A federal agency under the department of labor. OSHA set guidelines for workplace safety and employee training to reduce workplace accidents
The most common system is in evacuated blood collection system which uses what
A double and needle with one end to puncture the skin and the other end to puncture the top of the tube, a needle holder to hold the needle, also called a barrel or a hub, and evacuated tube to collect a specimen.
Another similar system to the standard blood collection system and supplies would be
A non-evacuated blood collection system which also uses a collection needle and hub but collects blood into a syringe instead of the evacuated tube
What is used when smaller amounts of blood need to be collected from adults or when collections need to be performed on infants?
The lancet system
What is the length of a standard lancet blade
2.4mm long so it will punctured the Capillary bed under the skin but no deeper
Needles come in various lengths and gauges what is the most common length
The most common length is 1 inch or 1.5 inch
What is the most commonly used gauge
21 gauge, with a smaller 22 gauge also being a common choice
True or false the larger gauges have smaller sizing numbers
True
True or false the larger the number the smaller the needle
True
True or false needle holders most needle holders are single use and should be disposed of along with the needle
True
What are the two ways evacuated tubes can be used
Primarily in evacuated tube will be in third directly onto the evacuated tube collection set. However, if a sample needs to be collected in a specific to because of the Additive in that tube but a syringe drawl is necessary, be evacuated tubes can be filled with blood from the syringe after the draw is completed
True or false evacuated tubes are color-coded based on the chemicals also known ass additive, which of been added to them
True
True or false the ratio of additives to blood needs to be correct, it is very important to completely fill the tubes until the vacuum has been used up and no more blood will flow into the tubes
True
Gloves must be worn during phlebotomy procedures, as recommended by the CDC and enforced by OSHA. (A) gloves
(B) anti-septic (c) gauze pads
Gloves
In order to prevent bacteria and other contaminants on the skin from entering the blood during a venipunture an antiseptic is used to clean the area the most common antiseptic used is 70% isopropyl alcohol
A. Bandages
B.sharps container
C. Antiseptic
Antiseptic
What is 2 x 2 and are folded in half twice to form a 1 inch 4 to 12 ply squares they are used to cover the vein puncture site after a drawl is complete
A. Tourniquets
B. Gauze pads
C. Gloves
Gauze pads
After a drawl is complete, the patient should be instructed to keep the site cover for about 15 minutes with what
A. Bandages
B. Antiseptics
C. Whatever is handy
Bandages
What should always be used to dispose of needles, lancets, capillary tubes, and other biohazardous waste accumulated during venipunture
A. Household trash
B.sharps container
C. Stick it in your pocket
Sharps container
In order to engorge the veins and make them easier to palpate and puncture, what is used to tie around the arm to restrict the blood that is flowing back to the heart and the veins
A. Rope
B. Gloves
C.tourniquets
Tourniquet
As soon as you finish the veinpuncture , you should label the tube with the following information
Patients name, time to draw, the date, and the phlebotomist initials
True or false should you pre-label your tubes first
False you should never pre-label your tubes always labeled the tube in front of the patient asking them to verify the information before they leave
What is the most common location for a venipunture
Antecubital fossa
Let your arm on the table in front of you with your palm facing up. In this position, you will be able to see the inside of your elbow what is this called
Antecubital fossa
There are several criteria we consider when choosing a vein what are they
Location, size, depth, direction, condition, turgor
Three main veins of the body run through the Antecubicle fossa. These are the bangs most commonly used for venipuncture what are they?
Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
What vein is generally the first choice and is large enough to be palpated and support a needle, and also has the structural support around it to make it stable
Median cubital vein
What veinvein is generally second best option it shares many characteristics with the median cubital, but it’s harder to palpate and life on the outside edge of the Antecubital fossa which makes proper positioning of the patient and needle slightly more difficult
Cephalic vein
What is the last choice among the antecubital vein. this vein often appears to be a good option because it is large and easy to palpate. However it is nearby in often on top of other important structures of the arm such as bones, tendons, an artery, and the major nerve.
Basilic vein
True or false should you perform a draw on the wrist, where there is a high risk of puncturing other structures, or the forearm below the empty antecubital fossa, where venipuncture will be more painful.
False draws should never be performed on the wrist
True or false is it possible to damage a patient’s nerve during a draw
True
For a more difficult draw what is most common used
A winged collection set or wing infusion set often referred to as a butterfly
What is the most commonly used gauge with a butterfly
23 gauge
True or false a blood culture is a test to detect septicemia
True
A condition where bacteria has entered the blood. Healthy blood contains no bacteria, and septicemia is a serious condition what is it
Septicemia
Are bumpy veins unsuitable, very suitable, or suitable and why
Unsuitable because a bumpy feel may mean that a vein is thrombosed or extremely vascular
Are deep veins very suitable, unsuitable, or suitable and why
Very suitable because deep veins are common in heavy arms usually large and well anchored may need to adapt veinpuncture technique
Are muscular arms suitable, unsuitable, or very suitable and why
Suitable because veins in muscular arms may lie over bone and/ or muscle and lack good tissues support may need to adapt venipunture technique.
Are heavy arms unsuitable, suitable, or very suitable and why
Unsuitable because the veins may be sclerotic which are common among the elderly and among the elderly and among narcotic addicts
Are rolling veins unsuitable, suitable, or very suitable
Unsuitable because rolling veins lack good tissues support and often roll away from the needle may use but may need to adapt venipuncture technique
Are small veins unsuitable, suitable, or very suitable and why
Unsuitable because some small veins may be usable with appropriate distant ion small caliber needle should be considered
