1.2 - Cell Types

Question 1

Features of Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 1

• single-celled organisms
• no compartmentalisation
• no membrane-bound organelles
• perform all functions of life
• naked DNA
• peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 2

Prokaryotic Shapes

Answer 2

1. Bacilli (Rods)
2. Cocci (Spheres)
3. Spirilla (Spirals)
4. Vibrio ( Commas)
   5.Spirochetes (Corkscrew)

Question 3

What domains are Prokaryotic Cells found in?

Answer 3

1. Archaea
2. Bacteria

Question 4

What does the S stand for in 70S?

Answer 4

It is a measure of the rate at which a particle sinks during centrifugation.
Larger the particle = sinks more quickly when centrifuged.

Question 5

4 Basic Typical Cell components

Answer 5

1. Plasma membrane - an outer border to maintain an internal chemistry that is different to the exterior
2. Genetic Material - DNA that controls internal activities within the cell
3. Ribosomes - builds the cells proteins
4. Cytosol - internal fluid where metabolic processes occur

Question 6

Light VS Dark appearance in Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 6

Light = the region contains DNA
Dark = the region contains ribosomes, enzymes, and other proteins

Question 7

What is a nucleoid?

Answer 7

region of cytosol where genetic material is found

Question 8

What is a plasmid

Answer 8

additional DNA molecule that can be exchanged via bacteria conjugation

Question 9

Role of slime capsule

Answer 9

protects the cell from desiccation and phagocytosis

Question 10

Features of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 10

• has compartmentalisation
• single-celled or multicellular
• performs all life functions

Question 11

What is the eukaryotic domain with the 4 kingdoms:

Answer 11

Eukarya Domain:
1. Plantae - cellulose cell wall and autotrophic nutrition (photosynthesis)
2. Fungi - chitin cell wall and autotrophic nutrition (absorption)
3. Animalia - no cell wall and heterotrophic nutrition (ingestion)
4. Protista - cells that don’t belong to other eukaryotic kingdoms

Question 12

3 fundamental features distinguishing eukaryotes:

Answer 12

1. Nucleus
   - double membrane w/ pores
   - DNA is linear
   - histone proteins
2. 80S Ribosomes
   - synthesise proteins
3. Mitochondria
   - carry out aerobic respiration
   - double membrane

Question 13

Eukaryotic Cells: Fungal Cells (What does it have)

Answer 13

1.Hyphae - filaments used for nutrition absoroption and growth that are usually seperated by the septa
2. Cell Wall (chitin)
3. Bud scar - from asexual reproduction
4. plasma membrane

Question 14

Advantages of compartmentalisation for Prokaryotic cells: