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Biology Unit 1 > 1.2 - Cell Structures > Flashcards

1.2 - Cell Structures Flashcards

1
Q

(a)

Mitochondria

A

Function- site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.
Structure- cylindrical in shape, folded inner membrane forms cristae.
Found in animal and plant cells

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2
Q

(a)

Why do mitochondria differ in appearance?

A

They are cut in different plane/angles.

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3
Q

(a)

Vacuole

A

Function- water storage, maintain PH
Structure- surronded by a single membrane, tonoplast and contains cell sap
Found in plant cells

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4
Q

(a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

A

Function- lipid synthesis (smooth)
protein synthesis and transport (rough)
Structure- a series of flatterned sacs double membraned cisternae leading from the nuclear envelope
Found in animal and plant cells

(rough-spiky, smooth-seaweed)

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5
Q

(a)

Ribosomes

A

Function- site of protein syntheis (translation)
Structure- made from rRNA and proteins
Found in animal and plant cell

* (around the er)

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6
Q

(a)

Golgi body

A

Function - modifies and packages proteins
Structure - planar stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs
Found in animal and plant cells

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7
Q

(a)

Lysosomes

A

Function- role in phagocytosis, digest unwanted materials in the cytoplasm
Structure - fluid-filled vesicles surronded by a single membrane, contain enzymes (*)
Found in animal cells

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8
Q

(a)

Centrioles

A

Function- form the spindle in cell division
Structure- 2 cylinders of microtubules
Found in animal cells

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9
Q

(a)

Chloroplast

A

Function- site of photosynthesis
Structure- disk shaped surronded by double membrane
Found in plant cells

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10
Q

(a)

Nucleus

A

Function- contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis
Structure - surronded by nuclear envelope which is semi-permeable and double membraned.
Nuclear pores allows transport of ribosomes
Dense nucleolus (made of RNA and proteins) assembles ribosomes.

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11
Q

(a)

Chromatin

A

Function- protein synthesis
Structure- DNA coils bound to protein codes
Found in animal cells

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12
Q

(a)

Plasmodemata

A

Function- faciliate communication and symplastic transport
Structure- microscopic channels between plant cell walls
Found in plant cells

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13
Q

(b)

Structure of prokaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria):
DNA
Mesosome
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Slime coat (in some, not all bacteria)
Plasmid
Flagellum

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14
Q

(b)

Structure of viruses

A

Viruses:
Protein coat
Genetic material

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15
Q

(c)

Cell theory

A

Cell theory states that new cells are
formed from other existing cells and
that the cell is a fundamental unit of
structure, function and organisation in
all living organisms.

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16
Q

(c)

Similarities and differences in the cell structure of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A
  • Eukaryotic cells are bigger (10-100mm)
  • Prokaryotic cells are smaller (1-10mm)
  • DNA in nucleus (Eukaryotes)
  • DNA free in cytoplasm (Prokaryotes)
  • Cellulose in cell wall
  • Peptidoglycan in cell wall
  • Mitochondria for respiration
  • Mesosome for aerobic respiration
17
Q

(c)

Similarities and differences in the cell structure of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
(2)

A
  • Eurkaryotic- have a true nucleus that contain gentic material and have membrane bound organelle
  • Prokaryotic- do not have a true nucleus or any membrane bound organelles
  • Do not contain plasmids
  • May contain plasmids
18
Q

(c)

Magnification formula

A

Magnification = image size / actual size

19
Q

(d)

Cell

A

Basic unit of life

20
Q

(d)

Tissue

A

Cells near each other in the embryo often differentiate in the same way and group together.

21
Q

(d)

Organ

A

A group of tissues in a structural unit, working together and performing a specific function.

22
Q

(d)

Organ system

A

A group of organs working together with a particular role.

23
Q

(d)

Organisms

A

All the systems of the body work together, making an organism, which is a discrete individual.

24
Q

(d)

Epithelia tissue

A

Continuous layers of cells on internal and external surfaces

25
Q

(d)

Epithelia tissue - Cuboidal

A

Simplest, one cell thick
Found in promixal convulted tububle (PCT) kidney

26
Q

(d)

Epithelia tissue - Columnar

A

Elongated, can have
cilia
Found in trachea

27
Q

(d)

Epithelia tissue - Squamous

A

Flattened
Found in alveolar walls

28
Q

(d)

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue able to contract

29
Q

(d)

Muscle tissue - Skeletal

A

Striated (striped), voluntary, generates locomotion in mammals
Found attached to bones

30
Q

(d)

Muscle tissue - Smooth

A

Spindle-shaped cells, no stripes, involuntary
Found in skin and digestive tract

31
Q

(d)

Muscle tissue - Cardiac

A

Striated, short fibres, contracts without nerve stimulation.
Does not tire
Found in heart muscle

32
Q

(d)

Connective tissue

A

Separates tissues and
organs

Biology Unit 1 (8 decks)

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