1.2 Cell Structures

Question 1

function of ribosomes

Answer 1

involved in protein synthesis

Question 2

what are ribosomes made from

Answer 2

They are made of a large and a small subunit
constructed from rRNA and protein.

Question 3

amounts of ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 3

70s in prokaryotes
80s in eukaryotes

Question 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

series of flatted sacs
double membraned cisternae leading on from the nuclear envelope.

Question 5

RER

Answer 5

covered in ribosomes for protein synthesis; cisternae then transport the protein

Question 6

SER

Answer 6

Synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 7

vacuole

Answer 7

Contains cell sap and is surrounded by the
tonoplast membrane.

Question 8

cell wall

Answer 8

A structure made from cellulose microfibrils
and pectin.
* It is fully permeable for the transport of
substances.
* It provides strength to the plant.
* It communicates through the cell wall via
plasmodesmata.

Question 9

golgi body

Answer 9

The golgi body modifies and packages
proteins. It also:
* produces secreting enzymes
* secretes carbohydrates
* produces glycoproteins
* transports and stores lipids
* forms lysosomes and digestive
enzymes.

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

Only found in animal cells. They are 2
cylinders of microtubules that form the
spindle in cell division.

Question 11

what is the cell theory

Answer 11

Cell theory states that new cells are
formed from other existing cells

Question 12

what type of cells are animals and plants ?

Answer 12

eukaryotic

Question 13

what do eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 13

• membrane bound organelles
• DNA
• cell walls are made from cellulose
• ribosomes are 80s
• aerobic respiration takes place within mitochondria

Question 14

nuclear envelope

Answer 14

A double membrane with pores that allows mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus.

Question 15

chromatin

Answer 15

DNA coils bound to protein codes for
protein synthesis.

Question 16

nucleolus

Answer 16

rRNA and ribosomes are made here

Question 17

function of mitochondria

Answer 17

Aerobic respiration occurs in the
mitochondria.

Question 18

structure of mitochondria

Answer 18

They are cylindrical in shape for a large surface area and reduced diffusion distance. the inner membrane is folded into cristae. The cristae have stalked particles involved in ATP synthesis. The cristae increase the surface area for ATP synthesis.

Question 19

chloroplast

Answer 19

contain chlorophyll, a pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 20

chlorophyll

Answer 20

contain chlorophyll, a pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 21

what type of cell is bacteria ?

Answer 21

prokaryote

Question 22

prokaryotes contain …

Answer 22

no membrane bound organelles

Question 23

difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 23

PROKARYOTES
DNA free in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes 70s
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Mesosome for aerobic
respiration

EUKARYOTES
DNA in nucleus
Ribosomes 80s
Cellulose cell wall
Mitochondria for aerobic
respiration

Question 24

virus

Answer 24

A virus is not a living thing; it is not a cell. It
has no cytoplasm or organelles. It injects its
genetic material into a living cell which then
creates more virus particles

Question 25

what is used to view eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells ?

Answer 25

light microscope

Question 26

define the term tissues

Answer 26

A group of cells with the same
structure and function working
together.

Question 27

epithelial tissue

Answer 27

continuous layers of cells on internal and external surfaces

Question 28

cuboidal tissue

Answer 28

simplest, one cell thick, e.g. PCT kidney

Question 29

columnar tissue

Answer 29

elongated, can have cilia e.g. trachea

Question 30

squamous tissue

Answer 30

flattened e.g. alveolar wall

Question 31

muscle tissue

Answer 31

tissue that is able to contract

Question 32

skeletal

Answer 32

striated (striped), voluntary,attached to bones
for locomotion

Question 33

smooth

Answer 33

spindle-shaped cells, no stripes, involuntary e.g.
skin and digestive tract

Question 34

smooth

Answer 34

spindle-shaped cells, no stripes, involuntary e.g.
skin and digestive tract

Question 35

cardiac

Answer 35

heart muscle, striated, short fibres,
contracts without nerve stimulation.
Does not tire

Question 36

connective tissue

Answer 36

separates tissues and organs
Elastic and collagen
Blood, bone and
cartilage

Question 37

organ

Answer 37

A group of tissues working together to
perform a particular function.

Question 38

organ system

Answer 38

A system of organs working together with a
particular role.

Question 39

organism

Answer 39

All the systems working together form a
discrete individual.