1.2 Cell structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic cells

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus
* They belong to the kingdom Monera (i.e. bacteria)

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2
Q

Procarytic cells

The structure of procarytic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells share the following structures:
* A single, circular DNA molecule (genophore)
* A peptidoglycan cell wall and 70S ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells may also contain the following:
* Pili (for attachment or bacterial conjugation)
* Flagella (a long whip-like tail for movement)
* Plasmids (autonomous DNA molecules)

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3
Q

Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells

According to what do Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells differ?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ
according to a number of key features:
* DNA (composition and structure)
* Organelles (types present and sizes)
* Reproduction (mode of cell division)
* Average Size (exceptions may exist)

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4
Q

Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells

A

DNA:
Prokaryotic- DNA is naked and circular, Usually no introns
Eukaryotic - DNA is linear and bound to protein, Usually contains introns
Organelles:
Prokaryotic - No nucleus, 70S ribosomes
Eukaryotic -Has a nucleus, 80S ribosomes
Reproduction:
Prokaryotic - Via binary fission, single chromosome
Eukaryotic - Via mitosis and meiosis, paired chromosomes
Average size:
Prokaryotic- Smaller (~1 – 5 µM)
Eukaryotic - Larger (~10 – 100 µM)

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5
Q

Bacterial Cell Division

How do prokaryotes divide?

A

Prokaryotes divide via a process of asexual reproduction known as binary fission.

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6
Q

Bacterial Cell Division

The process of prokaryotic cell division

A
  1. The circular DNA is copied
  2. The DNA loops attach to the membrane
  3. The cell elongates, separating the loops
  4. Cytokinesis occurs to form two cells
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7
Q

Eukratic cells - Animall versus Plant Cells

Animal cells

A

No chloroplast
No cell wall
No plasmodesmata
Temporary vacuoles
Cholesterol present in the cell membrane
Glucose → glycogen

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8
Q

Eukratic cells - Animall versus Plant Cells

Plant cells

A

Have chloroplast
Cell wall (cellulose)
Plasmodesmata
Large central vacuole
No cholesterol in the cell membrane
Glucose → starch

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9
Q

Bacterial Cell Division

The process of prokaryotes dividing

A

Prokaryotes divide via a process of asexual reproduction known as binary fission:
The circular DNA is copied
* The DNA loops attach to the membrane
* The cell elongates, separating the loops
* Cytokinesis occurs to form two cells

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