1.2 Cell Structure Flashcards
Prokaryotic cells, kingdom and two domains, features (drawing the prototype of a bacteria), how do they reproduce.
Prokaryotes are organisms that their cells (they) lack a nucleus, kingdom is Monera, Domains are archaebacteria (extreme conditions) and eubacteria (typical),
Features:
Cytoplasm, Plasmids, ribosomes, cell wall, simple capsule, flagella, and Pili.
They reproduce using binary fusion.
Binary fusion, and steps
a form of asexual reproduction.
Process:
The circular DNA is copied in response to a replication signal.
The two DNA loops attach to the membrane
The two membranes elongate and undergo (cytokinesis) forming two new cells.
Eukaryotic cells, difference between them and prokaryotic cell. Four kingdoms of eukaryotic cells. drawing the typical structures of both
Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus. They have a more complex structure than prokaryotic cells and is believed to have evolved from it (via endosymbiosis) and they have organelles.
Four kingdoms:
Protista: Without specialised tissues
Fungi: cell wall made of chitin and are heterotrophic
Plantae: cell wall made of cellulose and are autotrophic
Animalia: no cell wall and are heterotrophic.
Organelles in Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Universal organelles, Eukaryotic organelles, Plant cells only, and Animal cells only.
Organelles are specialised sub-structure within a cell, in Prokaryotic cells they are not typically membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells posses several.
U O:
Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, Plasma membrane.
Eu O:
Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum (R,S), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, centrosome, Lysosome (A Only in some cases)
PL O:
Chloroplast, Vacuole, Cell wall,
Electron microscopy vs light microscopy
electron: very accurate and can be 3d but only for dead tissues as it shoots electrons on the object while light microscopes do not do that.
Electron ones are higher range of magnification and higher resolution.
