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A-Level Bio > 1.2 - Carbohydrates - monosaccharides > Flashcards

1.2 - Carbohydrates - monosaccharides Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

(carbo) = carbon
(hydrate) = water

Carbon combined with water.

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2
Q

How many Bonds does carbon make?

A

Four

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3
Q

What are Organic Molecules?

A

Carbon Containing Molecules

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4
Q

What is a monomer?

A

One of many small molecules that combine to form a larger one known as a polymer.

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5
Q

What is a polymer?

A

large molecule made up of repeating smaller molecules (monomers).

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6
Q

What is the monomer in carbohydrates?

A

sugar - saccharide - monosaccharide

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7
Q

What is a pair of joined monosaccharides called?

A

Disaccharide

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8
Q

What are many monosaccharides joined together called?

A

Polysaccharides

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9
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

A

(CH₂O)ⁿ

n can be any number 1-7

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10
Q

Give 3 examples of Monosaccharides.

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
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11
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose?

A
  1. ⍺-glucose

2. β-glucose

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12
Q

Which types of sugars are Reducing?

A

All monosaccharides and some disaccharides (maltose) are reducing sugars.

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13
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars?

A

The Benedict’s test.

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14
Q

How does the Benedict’s test work?

A

Benedict’s reagent is an alkaline solution of copper(II) sulfate. When a reducing sugar is heated with Benedict’s reagent it donates electrons and forms a red precipitate of copper (I) oxide.

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15
Q

Outline the steps of testing for a reducing sugar.

A
  1. Add 2cm³ of the food sample to be tested to a test tube. If the sample is not already in liquid form, first grind it up in water
  2. Add an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent
  3. Heat the mixture in a gently boiling water bath for five minutes.
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16
Q

What colours indicate reducing sugar presence in the Benedict’s test?

A 
blue = none
green = very low
yellow = low
orange = medium
red = high
17
Q

What is the name of the bond that joins two monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic Bonds

A-Level Bio (14 decks)

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